See troak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for troak meaning in English (8.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "troak"
},
"expansion": "Scots troak",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "troke",
"3": "",
"4": "to barter, truck"
},
"expansion": "troke (“to barter, truck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trukien"
},
"expansion": "trukien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "truck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scots troak, troke (“to barter, truck”), from Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troaks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "troaking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "troaked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "troaked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troaking, simple past and past participle troaked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 5 20 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Whaling",
"orig": "en:Whaling",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885 January 15, anonymous author, “A REMARKABLE WELL”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Waikato Times, page 3",
"text": "The trade of Greenland is a strict monopoly of the Danish Government, and accordingly the Government puts a cheek upon any trading or fishing within a certain distance of the coast. It does not, however, prohibit the sale of small articles not used in their trade, here commences a curious traffic with the natives, known to the Scottish whalers under the name of \"troaking\".",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1755 May 9, Allan Ramsay, Blyth may he be wha o'er the haugh, The Edinburgh magazine, or Literary miscellany, published 1787 January 31, page 40",
"text": "For living are obliged to rub thro' / To fend by troaking, buying, selling, / The profit's aft no worth the telling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"id": "en-troak-en-verb--2d3X~5X",
"links": [
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "barter, trade",
"word": "swap"
},
{
"sense": "barter, trade",
"word": "swop"
}
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "قايض"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmenjam",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "разменям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "pravja barter",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "правя бартер"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "ruilen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "tehdä vaihtokauppa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "vaihtaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "troquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "tauschen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "barattare"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "trocar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "idka byteshandel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-troak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "troke"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"troak"
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "troak"
},
"expansion": "Scots troak",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "troke",
"3": "",
"4": "to barter, truck"
},
"expansion": "troke (“to barter, truck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trukien"
},
"expansion": "trukien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "truck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scots troak, troke (“to barter, truck”), from Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 22 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 16 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 22 21",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Greenland",
"orig": "en:Greenland",
"parents": [
"Denmark",
"North America",
"Europe",
"America",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 21 22 17",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Scotland",
"orig": "en:Scotland",
"parents": [
"United Kingdom",
"British Isles",
"Europe",
"Islands",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"id": "en-troak-en-noun-V5exchxP",
"links": [
[
"truck",
"truck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Small wares."
],
"id": "en-troak-en-noun-hrj4dvzI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Small wares."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Familiar intercourse."
],
"id": "en-troak-en-noun-TUmT3sKI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Familiar intercourse."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-troak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "troke"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"troak"
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/oʊk",
"Rhymes:English/oʊk/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Greenland",
"en:Scotland",
"en:Whaling"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "troak"
},
"expansion": "Scots troak",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "troke",
"3": "",
"4": "to barter, truck"
},
"expansion": "troke (“to barter, truck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trukien"
},
"expansion": "trukien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "truck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scots troak, troke (“to barter, truck”), from Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troaks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "troaking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "troaked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "troaked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troaking, simple past and past participle troaked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885 January 15, anonymous author, “A REMARKABLE WELL”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Waikato Times, page 3",
"text": "The trade of Greenland is a strict monopoly of the Danish Government, and accordingly the Government puts a cheek upon any trading or fishing within a certain distance of the coast. It does not, however, prohibit the sale of small articles not used in their trade, here commences a curious traffic with the natives, known to the Scottish whalers under the name of \"troaking\".",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1755 May 9, Allan Ramsay, Blyth may he be wha o'er the haugh, The Edinburgh magazine, or Literary miscellany, published 1787 January 31, page 40",
"text": "For living are obliged to rub thro' / To fend by troaking, buying, selling, / The profit's aft no worth the telling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"links": [
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-troak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "barter, trade",
"word": "swap"
},
{
"sense": "barter, trade",
"word": "swop"
},
{
"word": "troke"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "قايض"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmenjam",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "разменям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "pravja barter",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "правя бартер"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "ruilen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "tehdä vaihtokauppa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "vaihtaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "troquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "tauschen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "barattare"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "trocar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "exchange goods or services without involving money",
"word": "idka byteshandel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"troak"
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/oʊk",
"Rhymes:English/oʊk/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Greenland",
"en:Scotland",
"en:Whaling"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "troak"
},
"expansion": "Scots troak",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "troke",
"3": "",
"4": "to barter, truck"
},
"expansion": "troke (“to barter, truck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trukien"
},
"expansion": "trukien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "truck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scots troak, troke (“to barter, truck”), from Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"links": [
[
"truck",
"truck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Small wares."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Small wares."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Familiar intercourse."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Familiar intercourse."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-troak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-troak.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troke"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"troak"
],
"word": "troak"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.