See tope in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Alteration of obsolete top (“to drink”), as in top (off).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toped",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 23 7 29",
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{
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toper"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drink excessively; to get drunk."
],
"id": "en-tope-en-verb-VoI-E09B",
"links": [
[
"drunk",
"drunk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To drink excessively; to get drunk."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "píja",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "пи́я"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pijanstvam",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "пиянствам"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "chopiner"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "toper"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pʹjánstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пья́нствовать"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"senses": [
{
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{
"_dis": "37 16 19 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Carcharhiniform sharks",
"orig": "en:Carcharhiniform sharks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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],
"glosses": [
"A small, grey, European shark, Galeorhinus galeus, that has rough skin and a long snout."
],
"id": "en-tope-en-noun-EJeUfEer",
"links": [
[
"shark",
"shark"
],
[
"Galeorhinus galeus",
"Galeorhinus galeus#Translingual"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "cazón"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "mielga"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "tolla"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gráhávur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gearrthóir"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coo glass"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "köpek balığı",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "كوپك بالغی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kúnʹja akúla",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ку́нья аку́ла"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cazón"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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"2": "ta",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Tamil",
"name": "uder"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Tamil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"text": "1868?, James Grant, First Love and Last Love\nConcealed among the long rank grass of the mango tope the three lurkers watched the gate of the camp; but though many passcd out and in, the rider on the bay mare was not one of the number."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
96
]
],
"ref": "2011, Chandra Mallampalli, Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India:",
"text": "In addition, a memorandum was kept containing receipts and issues of toddy drawn at a toddy tope.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grove of trees."
],
"id": "en-tope-en-noun-oT5TG0DM",
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India) A grove of trees."
],
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
"General-American"
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},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
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"word": "tope"
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{
"etymology_number": 4,
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"1": "en",
"2": "pi",
"3": "thūpa"
},
"expansion": "Pali thūpa",
"name": "uder"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stupa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stupa",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Pali thūpa. Doublet of stupa.",
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{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"A mound-like Buddhist sepulchre, or memorial monument, often erected over a relic; a stupa."
],
"id": "en-tope-en-noun-UwydYb5M",
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"mound",
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"relic"
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"etymology_number": 5,
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"3": "तोप"
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "توپ"
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"name": "der"
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"name": "cog"
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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91,
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"ref": "1857, Cassell's Illustrated History of England, page 269:",
"text": "They found him strongly posted near the fortress of Deeg, in the midst of bogs, tanks, and topes, and formidably defended by artillery.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cannon (weapon)."
],
"id": "en-tope-en-noun-J6JzWnRG",
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[
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]
],
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"(India, obsolete) A cannon (weapon)."
],
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"India",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
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"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/əʊp/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian verbs",
"en:Carcharhiniform sharks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Alteration of obsolete top (“to drink”), as in top (off).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toped",
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"categories": [
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"glosses": [
"To drink excessively; to get drunk."
],
"links": [
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To drink excessively; to get drunk."
],
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]
}
],
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"tags": [
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "píja",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "пи́я"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pijanstvam",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "пиянствам"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "chopiner"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"word": "toper"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pʹjánstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to drink excessively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пья́нствовать"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"tags": [
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}
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A small, grey, European shark, Galeorhinus galeus, that has rough skin and a long snout."
],
"links": [
[
"shark",
"shark"
],
[
"Galeorhinus galeus",
"Galeorhinus galeus#Translingual"
]
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "cazón"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "mielga"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "tolla"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gráhávur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gearrthóir"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coo glass"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "köpek balığı",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"word": "كوپك بالغی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kúnʹja akúla",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ку́нья аку́ла"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Galeorhinus galeus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cazón"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"English terms derived from Tamil",
"English terms with homophones",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp/1 syllable",
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian verbs",
"en:Carcharhiniform sharks"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ta",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tamil",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Tamil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tope (plural topes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Indian English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1868?, James Grant, First Love and Last Love\nConcealed among the long rank grass of the mango tope the three lurkers watched the gate of the camp; but though many passcd out and in, the rider on the bay mare was not one of the number."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
96
]
],
"ref": "2011, Chandra Mallampalli, Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India:",
"text": "In addition, a memorandum was kept containing receipts and issues of toddy drawn at a toddy tope.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grove of trees."
],
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India) A grove of trees."
],
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tope.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Pali",
"English terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp/1 syllable",
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian verbs",
"en:Carcharhiniform sharks"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pi",
"3": "thūpa"
},
"expansion": "Pali thūpa",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stupa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stupa",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Pali thūpa. Doublet of stupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tope (plural topes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mound-like Buddhist sepulchre, or memorial monument, often erected over a relic; a stupa."
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
],
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"sepulchre",
"sepulchre"
],
[
"relic",
"relic"
],
[
"stupa",
"stupa"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tope.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp",
"Rhymes:English/əʊp/1 syllable",
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian verbs",
"en:Carcharhiniform sharks"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "तोप"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hindi तोप (top)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "توپ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian توپ (tōp)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*top"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *top",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "top"
},
"expansion": "Turkish top",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindi तोप (top), which in turn is borrowed from Classical Persian توپ (tōp). Ultimately loaned from a Turkic word, which is derived from Proto-Turkic *top. Compare Turkish top.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tope (plural topes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Indian English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
91,
96
]
],
"ref": "1857, Cassell's Illustrated History of England, page 269:",
"text": "They found him strongly posted near the fortress of Deeg, in the midst of bogs, tanks, and topes, and formidably defended by artillery.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cannon (weapon)."
],
"links": [
[
"cannon",
"cannon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, obsolete) A cannon (weapon)."
],
"tags": [
"India",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toʊp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təʊp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tope.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tope.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊp"
},
{
"homophone": "taupe"
}
],
"word": "tope"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tope meaning in English (11.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.