See surmount in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surmount meaning in English (8.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*men-",
"id": "stand out"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surmounten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surmounten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sormonter",
"4": "surmonter",
"t": "to rise above, surmount"
},
"expansion": "Old French surmonter (“to rise above, surmount”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "sur-",
"t": "above"
},
"expansion": "sur- (“above”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "monter",
"t": "to mount"
},
"expansion": "monter (“to mount”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surmounten, from Old French surmonter (“to rise above, surmount”), from sur- (“above”) + monter (“to mount”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surmounts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmounting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surmounted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surmounted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "surmount (third-person singular simple present surmounts, present participle surmounting, simple past and past participle surmounted)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "surmountable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "insurmountable"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 10",
"text": "this difficulty may perhaps be surmounted by care and art",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get or be over without touching or resting on; to overcome."
],
"id": "en-surmount-en-verb-BgyZVhrz",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To get or be over without touching or resting on; to overcome."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hazama",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "هَزَمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḡallaba",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "تَغَلَّبَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qahar",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "قَهَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ġalab",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "غلب"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hazam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "هزم"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preodoljavam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "преодолявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prevǎzmogvam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "превъзмогвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kèfú",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "克服"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "překonat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "overwinnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "voittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "jättää jotain taakseen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "päästä jonkin yli"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "surmonter"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "überwinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypernikó",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "υπερνικώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xepernó",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "ξεπερνώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypervaíno",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "υπερβαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "leküzd"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "legyőz"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "áthidal"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "felülkerekedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "úrrá lesz"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"alt": "のりこえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "norikoeru",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "乗り越える"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "superō"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "ēluctor"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "surmounten"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "overvinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "superar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preodolevátʹ",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "преодолева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preodolétʹ",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "преодоле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "nadvísiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "prebròditi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "prevládati"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "överstiga"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "aşmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"ref": "1951 April, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes: London Midland Region”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 283",
"text": "The boiler had a large dome over the firebox, inside the cab, surmounted by Ramsbottom safety valves.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Robert Chitham, The Classical Orders of Architecture",
"text": "The ovolo surmounting the dentil course generally turns the corner by means of a carved acanthus leaf, the decorated cyma and cyma reversa being similarly treated at the corner.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cap; to sit on top of."
],
"id": "en-surmount-en-verb-CEb0NaP8",
"links": [
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cap; to sit on top of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈmaʊnt/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈmaʊnt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-surmount.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "surmount"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (stand out)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnt",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnt/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surmounten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surmounten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sormonter",
"4": "surmonter",
"t": "to rise above, surmount"
},
"expansion": "Old French surmonter (“to rise above, surmount”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "sur-",
"t": "above"
},
"expansion": "sur- (“above”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "monter",
"t": "to mount"
},
"expansion": "monter (“to mount”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surmounten, from Old French surmonter (“to rise above, surmount”), from sur- (“above”) + monter (“to mount”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surmounts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmounting",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "surmounted",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surmounted",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "surmount (third-person singular simple present surmounts, present participle surmounting, simple past and past participle surmounted)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "surmountable"
},
{
"word": "insurmountable"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 10",
"text": "this difficulty may perhaps be surmounted by care and art",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get or be over without touching or resting on; to overcome."
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To get or be over without touching or resting on; to overcome."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
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"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1951 April, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes: London Midland Region”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 283",
"text": "The boiler had a large dome over the firebox, inside the cab, surmounted by Ramsbottom safety valves.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Robert Chitham, The Classical Orders of Architecture",
"text": "The ovolo surmounting the dentil course generally turns the corner by means of a carved acanthus leaf, the decorated cyma and cyma reversa being similarly treated at the corner.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cap; to sit on top of."
],
"links": [
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cap; to sit on top of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈmaʊnt/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈmaʊnt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-surmount.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surmount.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surmount.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hazama",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "هَزَمَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḡallaba",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "تَغَلَّبَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qahar",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "قَهَر"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ġalab",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "غلب"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hazam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "هزم"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preodoljavam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "преодолявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prevǎzmogvam",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "превъзмогвам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kèfú",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "克服"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "překonat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "overwinnen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "voittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "jättää jotain taakseen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "päästä jonkin yli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "surmonter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "überwinden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypernikó",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "υπερνικώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xepernó",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "ξεπερνώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypervaíno",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "υπερβαίνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "leküzd"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "legyőz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "áthidal"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "felülkerekedik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "úrrá lesz"
},
{
"alt": "のりこえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "norikoeru",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "乗り越える"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "superō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "ēluctor"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "surmounten"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "overvinne"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "superar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preodolevátʹ",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "преодолева́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preodolétʹ",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "преодоле́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "nadvísiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "prebròditi"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "prevládati"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "överstiga"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to get over; to overcome",
"word": "aşmak"
}
],
"word": "surmount"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.