See ret in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ret meaning in English (7.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "retten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English retten",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reten"
},
"expansion": "reten",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rēten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rēten",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "reeten"
},
"expansion": "reeten",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rōten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German rōten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rōzen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rōzen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "reyta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reyta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "røyta"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian røyta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "röta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish röta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rautijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make mellow or soft"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rewd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to tear; rend; rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rot"
},
"expansion": "rot",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English retten, reten; perhaps from Middle Dutch rēten, reeten (compare Middle Low German rōten; Middle High German rōzen), or from Old Norse reyta (compare Norwegian røyta, Swedish röta); all from Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”). Related to rot.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rets",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ret (third-person singular simple present rets, present participle retting, simple past and past participle retted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "retter"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XLVIII",
"text": "the hemp was retted / and soon the retting was done / and swiftly it was hung up / and hurriedly it was dried […].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 621",
"text": "the lowland nearly silent except for water-thrushes, the harvested fields, the smell of hops being dried in kilns, flax pulled up and piled in sheaves, in local practice not to be retted till the spring",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem."
],
"id": "en-ret-en-verb-B4JS45gb",
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"soaking",
"soak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kisna",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "кисна"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "roten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "liottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "rouir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "cocer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "rotten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mouskévo",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "μουσκεύω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "macerare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rosić"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "topiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "kiseliti"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "röta"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ret",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"retired"
],
"id": "en-ret-en-adj-W3IBR7aR",
"links": [
[
"retired",
"retired"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "e.a.",
"sense": "retired",
"word": "ε.α."
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rets",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ret (plural rets)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "reiteration"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Printing",
"orig": "en:Printing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 78 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for reiteration."
],
"id": "en-ret-en-noun-j-RcTcZl",
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"reiteration",
"reiteration#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(printing, historical) Short for reiteration."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "retter"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "retten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English retten",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reten"
},
"expansion": "reten",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rēten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rēten",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "reeten"
},
"expansion": "reeten",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rōten"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German rōten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rōzen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rōzen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "reyta"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reyta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "røyta"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian røyta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "röta"
},
"expansion": "Swedish röta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rautijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make mellow or soft"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rewd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to tear; rend; rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rot"
},
"expansion": "rot",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English retten, reten; perhaps from Middle Dutch rēten, reeten (compare Middle Low German rōten; Middle High German rōzen), or from Old Norse reyta (compare Norwegian røyta, Swedish röta); all from Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”). Related to rot.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rets",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ret (third-person singular simple present rets, present participle retting, simple past and past participle retted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XLVIII",
"text": "the hemp was retted / and soon the retting was done / and swiftly it was hung up / and hurriedly it was dried […].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 621",
"text": "the lowland nearly silent except for water-thrushes, the harvested fields, the smell of hops being dried in kilns, flax pulled up and piled in sheaves, in local practice not to be retted till the spring",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem."
],
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"soaking",
"soak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kisna",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "кисна"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "roten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "liottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "rouir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "cocer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "rotten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mouskévo",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "μουσκεύω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "macerare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rosić"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "topiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "kiseliti"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to soak linen, hemp etc.",
"word": "röta"
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ret",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"retired"
],
"links": [
[
"retired",
"retired"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "e.a.",
"sense": "retired",
"word": "ε.α."
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rets",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ret (plural rets)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "reiteration"
}
],
"categories": [
"English short forms",
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Printing"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for reiteration."
],
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"reiteration",
"reiteration#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(printing, historical) Short for reiteration."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ret.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ret.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "ret"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.