"refusenik" meaning in English

See refusenik in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹɪˈfjuːznɪk/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ɹəˈfjuznɪk/ [General-American], /ɹi-/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav [Southern-England] Forms: refuseniks [plural]
enPR: rəfyo͞oz'nĭk Rhymes: -uːznɪk Etymology: From refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), a calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), from отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”) + -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.). Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|historical}} sense 1, {{root|en|ine-pro|*wert-|*bʰewd-|*-nós|*-eykos}} [Template:root], {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{suffix|en|refuse|nik|pos2=suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference}} refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), {{calque|en|ru|отка́зник|nocap=1}} calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), {{m|ru|отка́з|t=denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation}} отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”), {{glossary|masculine}} masculine, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{m|ru|-ник|pos=suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.}} -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.) Head templates: {{en-noun}} refusenik (plural refuseniks)
  1. (Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel). Tags: historical, slang Categories (topical): People Categories (place): Soviet Union Synonyms: otkaznik Translations (one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate): refusenik (Afrikaans), رافض (Arabic), refusenik (Catalan), refusenik (Czech), refusnik (Finnish), refuznik [masculine] (French), Refusenik (German), Otkasnik (German), מסורב עֲלִיָּה (Hebrew), refusenik (Hungarian), о́дбивач (ódbivač) [masculine] (Macedonian), refusenik [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), refusnic [masculine] (Occitan), refusenik [masculine] (Portuguese), отка́зник (otkáznik) [masculine] (Russian), отка́зница (otkáznica) [feminine] (Russian), refusenik (Spanish), refyuznik (Spanish), רעפֿיוזניק (refyuznik) [masculine] (Yiddish), אַסיר ציון (asir Tsien) [masculine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-refusenik-en-noun-en:historical Disambiguation of People: 41 48 11 Disambiguation of 'one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate': 92 4 4
  2. (by extension, informal) A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination. Tags: broadly, informal Categories (topical): People Synonyms: recusant Hyponyms: anti-vaccinationist, conscientious objector Translations (person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest): kieltäytyjä (Finnish), refuznik [masculine] (French), Verweigerer [masculine] (German), Verweigerin [feminine] (German), αρνητής (arnitís) [masculine] (Greek), αρνήτρια (arnítria) [feminine] (Greek), о́дбивач (ódbivač) [masculine] (Macedonian), отка́зник (otkáznik) [masculine] (Russian), отка́зница (otkáznica) [feminine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-refusenik-en-noun-o3RFthDI Disambiguation of People: 41 48 11 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -nik Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 34 46 20 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 33 55 11 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -nik: 28 60 12 Disambiguation of 'person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest': 8 72 20
  3. (by extension, informal) A person who wants to do something but is refused permission to. Tags: broadly, informal Categories (topical): People
    Sense id: en-refusenik-en-noun-6YuovxNa Disambiguation of People: 41 48 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: refusnik

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for refusenik meaning in English (12.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "historical"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-",
        "4": "*bʰewd-",
        "5": "*-nós",
        "6": "*-eykos"
      },
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      "name": "glossary"
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "refuse",
        "3": "nik",
        "pos2": "suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference"
      },
      "expansion": "refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "отка́зник",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik)",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "отка́з",
        "t": "denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation"
      },
      "expansion": "отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masculine"
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      "name": "glossary"
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      },
      "expansion": "-ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), a calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), from отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”) + -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "refuseniks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "refusenik (plural refuseniks)",
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  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fuse‧nik"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Soviet Union",
          "orig": "en:Soviet Union",
          "parents": [
            "Asia",
            "Europe",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
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          "_dis": "41 48 11",
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          "parents": [
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            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1990 December 14, “Remember the Refuseniks?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "In 1974, a handful of brave Soviet Jews haunted foreign embassies in Moscow hoping for exit visas. Refuseniks, they were called; the Brezhnev Government wouldn't let them out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel)."
      ],
      "id": "en-refusenik-en-noun-en:historical",
      "links": [
        [
          "Soviet Union",
          "Soviet Union"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "former",
          "former#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "refused",
          "refuse#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "permission",
          "permission#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "emigrate",
          "emigrate"
        ],
        [
          "typically",
          "typically"
        ],
        [
          "exclusively",
          "exclusively"
        ],
        [
          "Jewish",
          "Jewish#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "denied",
          "deny"
        ],
        [
          "Israel",
          "Israel"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Soviet Union",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:historical"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "otkaznik"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "slang"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "رافض"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusnik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refuznik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "Refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "Otkasnik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "מסורב עֲלִיָּה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ódbivač",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "о́дбивач"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refusnic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkáznik",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "отка́зник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkáznica",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "отка́зница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refusenik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "word": "refyuznik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "refyuznik",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "רעפֿיוזניק"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 4 4",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "asir Tsien",
          "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "אַסיר ציון"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 46 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 55 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 60 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -nik",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 48 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Lawrence Thompson, The Princeton University Library Chronicle, page 678",
          "text": "Richard Ellmann once referred to Samuel Beckett as “Nayman from Noland”—the author as national refusenik. Beckett famously refused to allow a national representative from either Ireland or France to pick up his Nobel Prize, sending his publisher instead […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Sergio Catignani, Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army, Routledge, page 94",
          "text": "One IDF refusenik recounted how commanders on the field tried very hard to accommodate potential conscientious objectors by offering alternative and less controversial missions, in order to avoid their refusal to serve from becoming a public, and thus, political statement: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 February 26, “What life is like in countries where Covid-19 vaccination is increasingly a success”, in CNN",
          "text": "Authorities are offering incentives to those slow to accept the needle. In Tel Aviv, this has meant one bar offering a 'shot for a shot.' In Bnei-Barak, a bowl of stew has been offered to get the Ultra-Orthodox refuseniks over their reservations.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination."
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "word": "anti-vaccinationist"
        },
        {
          "word": "conscientious objector"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-refusenik-en-noun-o3RFthDI",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "protest",
          "protest#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "conscription",
          "conscription"
        ],
        [
          "vaccination",
          "vaccination"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, informal) A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "recusant"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "informal"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "word": "kieltäytyjä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refuznik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Verweigerer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Verweigerin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "arnitís",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "αρνητής"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "arnítria",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αρνήτρια"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ódbivač",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "о́дбивач"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkáznik",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "отка́зник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 72 20",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkáznica",
          "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "отка́зница"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 48 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who wants to do something but is refused permission to."
      ],
      "id": "en-refusenik-en-noun-6YuovxNa",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, informal) A person who wants to do something but is refused permission to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈfjuːznɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈfjuznɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹi-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːznɪk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rəfyo͞oz'nĭk"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "refusnik"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ida Nudel"
  ],
  "word": "refusenik"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms calqued from Russian",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Russian",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-eykos",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-nós",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewd-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
    "English terms suffixed with -nik",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for gender in Arabic entries",
    "Requests for gender in Catalan entries",
    "Requests for gender in Czech entries",
    "Requests for gender in German entries",
    "Requests for gender in Hebrew entries",
    "Requests for gender in Spanish entries",
    "Rhymes:English/uːznɪk",
    "Rhymes:English/uːznɪk/3 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "historical"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-",
        "4": "*bʰewd-",
        "5": "*-nós",
        "6": "*-eykos"
      },
      "expansion": "[Template:root]",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "refuse",
        "3": "nik",
        "pos2": "suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference"
      },
      "expansion": "refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "отка́зник",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik)",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "отка́з",
        "t": "denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation"
      },
      "expansion": "отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masculine"
      },
      "expansion": "masculine",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "-ник",
        "pos": "suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "-ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), a calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), from отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”) + -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "refuseniks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "refusenik (plural refuseniks)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fuse‧nik"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Soviet Union"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1990 December 14, “Remember the Refuseniks?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "In 1974, a handful of brave Soviet Jews haunted foreign embassies in Moscow hoping for exit visas. Refuseniks, they were called; the Brezhnev Government wouldn't let them out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Soviet Union",
          "Soviet Union"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "former",
          "former#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "refused",
          "refuse#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "permission",
          "permission#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "emigrate",
          "emigrate"
        ],
        [
          "typically",
          "typically"
        ],
        [
          "exclusively",
          "exclusively"
        ],
        [
          "Jewish",
          "Jewish#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "denied",
          "deny"
        ],
        [
          "Israel",
          "Israel"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Soviet Union",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:historical"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "otkaznik"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Lawrence Thompson, The Princeton University Library Chronicle, page 678",
          "text": "Richard Ellmann once referred to Samuel Beckett as “Nayman from Noland”—the author as national refusenik. Beckett famously refused to allow a national representative from either Ireland or France to pick up his Nobel Prize, sending his publisher instead […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Sergio Catignani, Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army, Routledge, page 94",
          "text": "One IDF refusenik recounted how commanders on the field tried very hard to accommodate potential conscientious objectors by offering alternative and less controversial missions, in order to avoid their refusal to serve from becoming a public, and thus, political statement: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 February 26, “What life is like in countries where Covid-19 vaccination is increasingly a success”, in CNN",
          "text": "Authorities are offering incentives to those slow to accept the needle. In Tel Aviv, this has meant one bar offering a 'shot for a shot.' In Bnei-Barak, a bowl of stew has been offered to get the Ultra-Orthodox refuseniks over their reservations.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination."
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "word": "anti-vaccinationist"
        },
        {
          "word": "conscientious objector"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "protest",
          "protest#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "conscription",
          "conscription"
        ],
        [
          "vaccination",
          "vaccination"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, informal) A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "recusant"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who wants to do something but is refused permission to."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, informal) A person who wants to do something but is refused permission to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈfjuːznɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈfjuznɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹi-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːznɪk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-refusenik.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rəfyo͞oz'nĭk"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "refusnik"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "رافض"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refuznik"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "Refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "Otkasnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "מסורב עֲלִיָּה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ódbivač",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "о́дбивач"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refusnic"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkáznik",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "отка́зник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkáznica",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "отка́зница"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refusenik"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "word": "refyuznik"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "refyuznik",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "רעפֿיוזניק"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "asir Tsien",
      "sense": "one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "אַסיר ציון"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "word": "kieltäytyjä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refuznik"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Verweigerer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Verweigerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "arnitís",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "αρνητής"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "arnítria",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αρνήτρια"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ódbivač",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "о́дбивач"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkáznik",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "отка́зник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkáznica",
      "sense": "person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "отка́зница"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ida Nudel"
  ],
  "word": "refusenik"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.