See reactionary in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "neo-reactionary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "reactionaryism"
}
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{
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"2": "fr",
"3": "réactionnaire"
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"expansion": "French réactionnaire",
"name": "bor"
},
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"args": {
"accessdate": "2024-07-14 04:00:21",
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"lang": "en",
"text": "OED's earliest evidence for reactionary is from 1799, in Reply L. N. M. Carnot to Rep. Conspiracy 18th Fructidor (page 149).",
"title": "Archived copy",
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"name": "quote-web"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French réactionnaire. Used in the time of the French revolution to refer to a person opposing the revolution; as in favoring a reaction against the revolution.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more reactionary",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
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{
"form": "most reactionary",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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"re‧ac‧tion‧ary"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "progressive"
},
{
"word": "nonreactionary"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "60 5 28 7",
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{
"_dis": "28 9 33 29",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 10 33 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "34 9 32 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Conservatism",
"orig": "en:Conservatism",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 0 0 45",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 September 29, Corey Robin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OL, page 25:",
"text": "There's a fairly simple reason for the embrace of radicalism on the right, and it has to do with the reactionary imperative that lies at the core of conservative doctrine. […] If he is to preserve what he values, the conservative must declare war against the culture as it is.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 August 7, Marissa Brostoff, Noah Kulwin, “The Right Kind of Continuity”, in Jewish Currents:",
"text": "[Jeffrey] Epstein was interested in transhumanism, a theory of human perfection via technological manipulation that—like its predecessor, eugenics—is shot through with racist and reactionary ideas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past."
],
"id": "en-reactionary-en-adj-AD0W-YCh",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution#English"
],
[
"French Revolution",
"French Revolution"
],
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"golden age",
"golden age"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) Opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antiprogressive"
},
{
"word": "regressive"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaksionar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reaksionare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "mürtəce"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reakcionen",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакционен"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaccionari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反動的"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎndòng de",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反动的"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reactionair"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "taantumuksellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "réactionnaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reakciuli",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "რეაქციული"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antidrastikós",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "αντιδραστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antiproodeftikós",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "αντιπροοδευτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakciós"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "afturhaldssamur"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "codino"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "はんどうてき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "handōteki",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反動的"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑtekeriyiə",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ប្រតិកិរិយា"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "paşverû"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa ti kān",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ປະຕິການ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa ti ki li nyā",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ປະຕິກິລິຍາ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaksjonær"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ارتجاعي"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ارتجاعی"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakcyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakcjonistyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reacionário"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakciónnyj",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакцио́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "i suiga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "cudìnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaccionario"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "involucionista"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "reakcíjnyj",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакці́йний"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "phản động"
}
]
},
{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
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{
"ref": "2013, Brandon Smith, Are Individuals The Property Of The Collective?:",
"text": "Psychiatry extends the theory into biology in the belief that all human behavior is nothing more than a series of reactionary chemical processes in the brain that determine pre-coded genetic responses built up from the conditioning of one’s environment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction."
],
"id": "en-reactionary-en-adj-Snoz1eyQ",
"links": [
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"chemistry"
],
[
"inducing",
"induce"
],
[
"chemical reaction",
"chemical reaction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction."
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
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"_dis": "34 9 32 24",
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{
"ref": "2020 December 16, “Network News: ORR praises Network Rail's response to pandemic”, in Rail, page 13:",
"text": "The regulator noted that reduced service levels and passenger numbers helped deliver strong performance, with fewer reactionary delays.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In reaction to; as a result of."
],
"id": "en-reactionary-en-adj-NJfIwHN7"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
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]
}
],
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}
{
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"word": "progressive"
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],
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{
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"title": "Archived copy",
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"expansion": "2024 July 14 (last accessed), “Archived copy”, in Oxford English Dictionary Online (overall work in English), archived from the original on 2024-06-30:\nOED's earliest evidence for reactionary is from 1799, in Reply L. N. M. Carnot to Rep. Conspiracy 18th Fructidor (page 149).",
"name": "quote-web"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French réactionnaire. Used in the time of the French revolution to refer to a person opposing the revolution; as in favoring a reaction against the revolution.",
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{
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"tags": [
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{
"_dis": "34 9 32 24",
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "35 0 1 64",
"kind": "topical",
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},
{
"_dis": "55 0 0 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921, Valentine Chirol, India, Old and New:",
"text": "Hindu reactionaries, whose conception of a well-ordered society had not moved beyond the laws of Manu, fell into line for the moment with the intellectual products of the modern Indian University.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 April, Andrew Sullivan, “The Reactionary Temptation”, in New York [Magazine]:",
"text": "It is not simply a conservative preference for things as they are, with a few nudges back, but a passionate loathing of the status quo and a desire to return to the past in one emotionally cathartic revolt. If conservatives are pessimistic, reactionaries are apocalyptic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires."
],
"id": "en-reactionary-en-noun-epxJachx",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
],
[
"golden age",
"golden age"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
],
[
"revolutionaires",
"revolutionaires"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antiprogressive"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "irticaçı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reakcioner",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реакционер"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reaccionari"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反動派"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎndòngpài",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反动派"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reakciulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reaktionääri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "taantumuksellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "réactionnaire"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reakcioneri",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "რეაქციონერი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Reaktionärin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antidrastikós",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αντιδραστικός"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afturhaldsseggur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "codino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reazionario"
},
{
"alt": "はんどうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "handōka",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反動家"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kertartpa",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "кертартпа"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaksjonær"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reakcjonista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reacionário"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakcionér",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реакционе́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakcionérka",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "реакционе́рка"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cudìnu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaccionario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakåtsträvare"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "người phản động"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/",
"tags": [
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},
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
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],
"word": "reactionary"
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"categories": [
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"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
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"name": "quote-web"
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],
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"forms": [
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"form": "more reactionary",
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"word": "progressive"
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{
"word": "nonreactionary"
}
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"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 September 29, Corey Robin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OL, page 25:",
"text": "There's a fairly simple reason for the embrace of radicalism on the right, and it has to do with the reactionary imperative that lies at the core of conservative doctrine. […] If he is to preserve what he values, the conservative must declare war against the culture as it is.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 August 7, Marissa Brostoff, Noah Kulwin, “The Right Kind of Continuity”, in Jewish Currents:",
"text": "[Jeffrey] Epstein was interested in transhumanism, a theory of human perfection via technological manipulation that—like its predecessor, eugenics—is shot through with racist and reactionary ideas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution#English"
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[
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"French Revolution"
],
[
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"return"
],
[
"golden age",
"golden age"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) Opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antiprogressive"
},
{
"word": "regressive"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Brandon Smith, Are Individuals The Property Of The Collective?:",
"text": "Psychiatry extends the theory into biology in the belief that all human behavior is nothing more than a series of reactionary chemical processes in the brain that determine pre-coded genetic responses built up from the conditioning of one’s environment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction."
],
"links": [
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"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
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"induce"
],
[
"chemical reaction",
"chemical reaction"
]
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],
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"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
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{
"ref": "2020 December 16, “Network News: ORR praises Network Rail's response to pandemic”, in Rail, page 13:",
"text": "The regulator noted that reduced service levels and passenger numbers helped deliver strong performance, with fewer reactionary delays.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In reaction to; as a result of."
]
}
],
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"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaksionar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reaksionare"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "mürtəce"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reakcionen",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакционен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaccionari"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反動的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎndòng de",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反动的"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reactionair"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "taantumuksellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "réactionnaire"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reakciuli",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "რეაქციული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antidrastikós",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "αντιδραστικός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antiproodeftikós",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "αντιπροοδευτικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakciós"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "afturhaldssamur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "codino"
},
{
"alt": "はんどうてき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "handōteki",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "反動的"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑtekeriyiə",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ប្រតិកិរិយា"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "paşverû"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa ti kān",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ປະຕິການ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa ti ki li nyā",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ປະຕິກິລິຍາ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaksjonær"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ارتجاعي"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "ارتجاعی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakcyjny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reakcjonistyczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reacionário"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakciónnyj",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакцио́нный"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "i suiga"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "cudìnu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaccionario"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "involucionista"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "reakcíjnyj",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "реакці́йний"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "opposing revolution",
"word": "phản động"
}
],
"word": "reactionary"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "progressive"
}
],
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"worklang": "en"
},
"expansion": "2024 July 14 (last accessed), “Archived copy”, in Oxford English Dictionary Online (overall work in English), archived from the original on 2024-06-30:\nOED's earliest evidence for reactionary is from 1799, in Reply L. N. M. Carnot to Rep. Conspiracy 18th Fructidor (page 149).",
"name": "quote-web"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French réactionnaire. Used in the time of the French revolution to refer to a person opposing the revolution; as in favoring a reaction against the revolution.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reactionaries",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "reactionary (plural reactionaries)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"re‧ac‧tion‧ary"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921, Valentine Chirol, India, Old and New:",
"text": "Hindu reactionaries, whose conception of a well-ordered society had not moved beyond the laws of Manu, fell into line for the moment with the intellectual products of the modern Indian University.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 April, Andrew Sullivan, “The Reactionary Temptation”, in New York [Magazine]:",
"text": "It is not simply a conservative preference for things as they are, with a few nudges back, but a passionate loathing of the status quo and a desire to return to the past in one emotionally cathartic revolt. If conservatives are pessimistic, reactionaries are apocalyptic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
],
[
"golden age",
"golden age"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
],
[
"revolutionaires",
"revolutionaires"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-reactionary.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-reactionary.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-reactionary.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-reactionary.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-reactionary.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antiprogressive"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "irticaçı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reakcioner",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реакционер"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reaccionari"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反動派"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎndòngpài",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反动派"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reakciulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reaktionääri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "taantumuksellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "réactionnaire"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reakcioneri",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "რეაქციონერი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Reaktionärin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antidrastikós",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αντιδραστικός"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afturhaldsseggur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "codino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reazionario"
},
{
"alt": "はんどうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "handōka",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "反動家"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kertartpa",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "кертартпа"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaksjonær"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "reakcjonista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reacionário"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakcionér",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реакционе́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "reakcionérka",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "реакционе́рка"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cudìnu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reaccionario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "reaktionär"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reactionary",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakåtsträvare"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reactionary",
"word": "người phản động"
}
],
"word": "reactionary"
}
Download raw JSONL data for reactionary meaning in English (18.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.