"proviso" meaning in English

See proviso in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /pɹəˈvaɪzoʊ/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proviso.wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proviso.wav Forms: provisos [plural], provisoes [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”), ablative singular neuter of provisus, past participle of providere (“to provide”); see provide. Etymology templates: {{bor+|en|la|proviso||it being provided}} Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”) Head templates: {{en-noun|s|es}} proviso (plural provisos or provisoes)
  1. A conditional provision to an agreement. Related terms: provide, provision, provisional, proviso quod Translations (conditional provision to an agreement): условие (uslovie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), уговорка (ugovorka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 但書 /但书 (dànshū) (Chinese Mandarin), voorbehoud (Dutch), varaus (Finnish), varauma (Finnish), provision (à un accord) [feminine] (French), réserve [feminine] (French), condición [feminine] (Galician), Bedingung [feminine] (German), Maßgabe [feminine] (German), Vorbehalt [masculine] (German), Vorbehaltsklausel [feminine] (German), Kautel [feminine] (German), 但書 (tadashigaki) (alt: ただしがき) (Japanese), forbehold [neuter] (Norwegian), klauzula [feminine] (Polish), усло́вие (uslóvije) [neuter] (Russian), огово́рка (ogovórka) (alt: в догово́ре) [feminine] (Russian), cùmhnant [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), coingheall [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), uvjet [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), uslov [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), salvedad [feminine] (Spanish), förbehåll (Swedish), reservation (Swedish)

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "proviso",
        "4": "",
        "5": "it being provided"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”), ablative singular neuter of provisus, past participle of providere (“to provide”); see provide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "provisos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "provisoes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "proviso (plural provisos or provisoes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              20,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2021 July 1, Gregory McNamee, “Does spinach make you strong? Ask Popeye – and science”, in CNN, archived from the original on 24 Aug 2025:",
          "text": "Now, with all these provisos in mind, what’s the best way to put spinach to work? All due respect to Popeye, a can may not be the tastiest way to introduce it to your table.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              113,
              120
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 June 10, Majlie de Puy Kamp, Curt Devine, Audrey Ash, Casey Tolan, Allison Gordon and Pamela Brown, “As horse racing’s best trainers rake in millions, records show they’ve violated rules aimed at keeping the animals safe”, in CNN, archived from the original on 04 Mar 2025:",
          "text": "The biggest change in the governance of American horse racing was tucked into a 2020 federal spending bill. That proviso ultimately created the national Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority, or HISA – a move that, after three previous legislative attempts, found support from federal lawmakers after a particularly deadly season at a California racetrack.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              118,
              126
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2025 July 13, Aaron Blake, “Trump’s mass deportation is backfiring”, in CNN, archived from the original on 17 Jul 2025:",
          "text": "The writing has been on the wall that Americans’ support for mass deportation was subject to all kinds of caveats and provisos.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A conditional provision to an agreement."
      ],
      "id": "en-proviso-en-noun-tGJAcZgF",
      "links": [
        [
          "conditional",
          "conditional"
        ],
        [
          "provision",
          "provision"
        ],
        [
          "agreement",
          "agreement"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "provide"
        },
        {
          "word": "provision"
        },
        {
          "word": "provisional"
        },
        {
          "word": "proviso quod"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "uslovie",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "условие"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "ugovorka",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "уговорка"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "cmn",
          "roman": "dànshū",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "但書 /但书"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "voorbehoud"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "varaus"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "varauma"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "provision (à un accord)"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "réserve"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "condición"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Bedingung"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Maßgabe"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorbehalt"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorbehaltsklausel"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kautel"
        },
        {
          "alt": "ただしがき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "lang_code": "ja",
          "roman": "tadashigaki",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "但書"
        },
        {
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "lang_code": "no",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "forbehold"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "klauzula"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "uslóvije",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "усло́вие"
        },
        {
          "alt": "в догово́ре",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "ogovórka",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "огово́рка"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cùmhnant"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "coingheall"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "uvjet"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "uslov"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "salvedad"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "förbehåll"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
          "word": "reservation"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈvaɪzoʊ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proviso.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proviso.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proviso"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "proviso",
        "4": "",
        "5": "it being provided"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”), ablative singular neuter of provisus, past participle of providere (“to provide”); see provide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "provisos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "provisoes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "proviso (plural provisos or provisoes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "provide"
    },
    {
      "word": "provision"
    },
    {
      "word": "provisional"
    },
    {
      "word": "proviso quod"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English nouns with irregular plurals",
        "English terms borrowed from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Galician translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Norwegian translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
        "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              20,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2021 July 1, Gregory McNamee, “Does spinach make you strong? Ask Popeye – and science”, in CNN, archived from the original on 24 Aug 2025:",
          "text": "Now, with all these provisos in mind, what’s the best way to put spinach to work? All due respect to Popeye, a can may not be the tastiest way to introduce it to your table.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              113,
              120
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 June 10, Majlie de Puy Kamp, Curt Devine, Audrey Ash, Casey Tolan, Allison Gordon and Pamela Brown, “As horse racing’s best trainers rake in millions, records show they’ve violated rules aimed at keeping the animals safe”, in CNN, archived from the original on 04 Mar 2025:",
          "text": "The biggest change in the governance of American horse racing was tucked into a 2020 federal spending bill. That proviso ultimately created the national Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority, or HISA – a move that, after three previous legislative attempts, found support from federal lawmakers after a particularly deadly season at a California racetrack.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              118,
              126
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2025 July 13, Aaron Blake, “Trump’s mass deportation is backfiring”, in CNN, archived from the original on 17 Jul 2025:",
          "text": "The writing has been on the wall that Americans’ support for mass deportation was subject to all kinds of caveats and provisos.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A conditional provision to an agreement."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "conditional",
          "conditional"
        ],
        [
          "provision",
          "provision"
        ],
        [
          "agreement",
          "agreement"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈvaɪzoʊ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proviso.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proviso.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proviso.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proviso.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "uslovie",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "условие"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "ugovorka",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "уговорка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "dànshū",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "但書 /但书"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "voorbehoud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "varaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "varauma"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "provision (à un accord)"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "réserve"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "condición"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Bedingung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Maßgabe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorbehalt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorbehaltsklausel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kautel"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ただしがき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "tadashigaki",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "但書"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "lang_code": "no",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "forbehold"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "klauzula"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "uslóvije",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "усло́вие"
    },
    {
      "alt": "в догово́ре",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "ogovórka",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "огово́рка"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cùmhnant"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "coingheall"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "uvjet"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "uslov"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "salvedad"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "förbehåll"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "conditional provision to an agreement",
      "word": "reservation"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proviso"
}

Download raw JSONL data for proviso meaning in English (7.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/2530",
  "msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
  "path": [
    "proviso"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "proviso",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.