See politicize in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "depoliticize"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "politicization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "depoliticize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "depoliticization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politic",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "politic + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From politic + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politicizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "politicizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "politicized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicise",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politicize (third-person singular simple present politicizes, present participle politicizing, simple past and past participle politicized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "politicalize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To engage in or discuss politics."
],
"id": "en-politicize-en-verb-QEm2PFsu",
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in or discuss politics."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zanimávam se s polítika",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "занима́вам се с поли́тика"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "politikoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "politizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bistri politika",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "бистри политика"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimátʹsja polítikoj",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "занима́ться поли́тикой"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 70 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 52 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 61 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 77 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 82 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 57 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 48 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 50 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 58 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 56 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 55 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 58 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 65 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 69 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 62 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
31
]
],
"text": "My parents started politicizing the weather as soon as they opened their snowplow business.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue."
],
"id": "en-politicize-en-verb-uoLKUhdM",
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sayyasa",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "سَيَّسَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palityzavácʹ",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "палітызава́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "politizíram",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "polititzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzhìhuà",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "政治化"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politikopoió",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "πολιτικοποιώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politicizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"alt": "せいじかする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seijika suru",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "政治化する"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongchihwahada",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "정치화하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "politizíra",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "upolityczniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upolitycznić"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politiza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "politizírovatʹ",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisera"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "polityzuváty",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "політизува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"ref": "1977 December 24, Richard Burns, “It Was a 'Big Splash' at The Aquarium”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 25, page 9:",
"text": "The possibility of setting up an educational arm which could politicize gays in Massachusetts through a series of seminars and through the publication of a booklet providing a background on the history of gay rights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make someone politically active or aware."
],
"id": "en-politicize-en-verb-DhnKVjPU",
"links": [
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"aware",
"aware"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make someone politically active or aware."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "polititzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politikopoió",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "πολιτικοποιώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politicizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 87",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisera"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pə-lĭt'ĭsīz'"
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politicize.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politicize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politicize.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "politize"
}
],
"word": "politicize"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "depoliticize"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "politicization"
},
{
"word": "depoliticize"
},
{
"word": "depoliticization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politic",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "politic + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From politic + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politicizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "politicizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "politicized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicise",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politicize (third-person singular simple present politicizes, present participle politicizing, simple past and past participle politicized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "politicalize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in or discuss politics."
],
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in or discuss politics."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
31
]
],
"text": "My parents started politicizing the weather as soon as they opened their snowplow business.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue."
],
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"ref": "1977 December 24, Richard Burns, “It Was a 'Big Splash' at The Aquarium”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 25, page 9:",
"text": "The possibility of setting up an educational arm which could politicize gays in Massachusetts through a series of seminars and through the publication of a booklet providing a background on the history of gay rights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make someone politically active or aware."
],
"links": [
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"aware",
"aware"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make someone politically active or aware."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pə-lĭt'ĭsīz'"
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politicize.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politicize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politicize.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "politize"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zanimávam se s polítika",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "занима́вам се с поли́тика"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "politikoida"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "politizál"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bistri politika",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"word": "бистри политика"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimátʹsja polítikoj",
"sense": "to engage in or discuss politics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "занима́ться поли́тикой"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sayyasa",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "سَيَّسَ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palityzavácʹ",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "палітызава́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "politizíram",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́рам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "polititzar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzhìhuà",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "政治化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizovat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politiser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politikopoió",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "πολιτικοποιώ"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politicizzare"
},
{
"alt": "せいじかする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seijika suru",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "政治化する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongchihwahada",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "정치화하다"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "politizíra",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́ра"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "upolityczniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upolitycznić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politiza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "politizírovatʹ",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "политизи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"word": "politisera"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "polityzuváty",
"sense": "to give something political characteristics",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "політизува́ти"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "polititzar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisoida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politikopoió",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "πολιτικοποιώ"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politicizzare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politizar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make someone politically active",
"word": "politisera"
}
],
"word": "politicize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for politicize meaning in English (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.