See polis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lbor",
"3": "grc>πόλις>city",
"id": "city-state",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tpelH-\nProto-Hellenic *ptólis\nAncient Greek πόλις (pólis)lbor.\nEnglish polis",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
"3": "πόλις",
"t": "fortified town; city state"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tpelH-\nProto-Hellenic *ptólis\nAncient Greek πόλις (pólis)lbor.\nEnglish polis\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poleis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"2": "+"
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"expansion": "polis (plural poleis or polises)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "46 29 26",
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, page 161:",
"text": "By the end of the century, poleis had been established throughout the Hellenic world, all bearing a marked family resemblance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Greek city-state."
],
"id": "en-polis-en-noun-Xj-fwRkk",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Greek city-state."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-polis"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polis",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "полис"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngbāng",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "城邦"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "kaupunkivaltio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗolisi",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "პოლისი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kalak-saxelmc̣ipo",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "ქალაქ-სახელმწიფო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Polis"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Pólis-krátos",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "Πόλις-κράτος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "városállam"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toshi",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "都市"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "porisu",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "ポリス"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pólis"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŏʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒ.lɪs/"
},
{
"enpr": "pōʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊ.lɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"polis"
],
"word": "polis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "polis"
},
"expansion": "Scots polis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "police"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of police",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "polises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pollis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Geordie English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"ref": "1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 328:",
"text": "Even in his Ma's womb, you would have had to define Spud less as a foetus, more as a set of dormant drug and personality problems. He'd probably draw the polis onto them through knocking a saltcellar out of the Little Chef.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The police."
],
"id": "en-polis-en-noun-ArbpzIom",
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[
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"police"
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],
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"(uncountable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) The police."
],
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"Scotland",
"uncountable"
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A police officer."
],
"id": "en-polis-en-noun-AV3sVPGj",
"links": [
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) A police officer."
],
"tags": [
"Geordie",
"Ireland",
"Scotland",
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŏʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒ.lɪs/"
},
{
"enpr": "pōʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊ.lɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"polis"
],
"word": "polis"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lbor",
"3": "grc>πόλις>city",
"id": "city-state",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tpelH-\nProto-Hellenic *ptólis\nAncient Greek πόλις (pólis)lbor.\nEnglish polis",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πόλις",
"t": "fortified town; city state"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tpelH-\nProto-Hellenic *ptólis\nAncient Greek πόλις (pólis)lbor.\nEnglish polis\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poleis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "polises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poleis",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "polis (plural poleis or polises)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "-polis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, page 161:",
"text": "By the end of the century, poleis had been established throughout the Hellenic world, all bearing a marked family resemblance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Greek city-state."
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Greek city-state."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŏʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒ.lɪs/"
},
{
"enpr": "pōʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊ.lɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polis",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "полис"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngbāng",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "城邦"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "kaupunkivaltio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗolisi",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "პოლისი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kalak-saxelmc̣ipo",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "ქალაქ-სახელმწიფო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Polis"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Pólis-krátos",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "Πόλις-κράτος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "városállam"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toshi",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "都市"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "porisu",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "ポリス"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "polis"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pólis"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a city or city-state",
"word": "polis"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"polis"
],
"word": "polis"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs/2 syllables"
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"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "sco",
"3": "polis"
},
"expansion": "Scots polis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "police"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of police",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "polises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pollis",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "polis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Geordie English",
"Irish English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 328:",
"text": "Even in his Ma's womb, you would have had to define Spud less as a foetus, more as a set of dormant drug and personality problems. He'd probably draw the polis onto them through knocking a saltcellar out of the Little Chef.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The police."
],
"links": [
[
"police",
"police"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) The police."
],
"tags": [
"Geordie",
"Ireland",
"Scotland",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"Geordie English",
"Irish English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A police officer."
],
"links": [
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) A police officer."
],
"tags": [
"Geordie",
"Ireland",
"Scotland",
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŏʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒ.lɪs/"
},
{
"enpr": "pōʹlĭs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊ.lɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"polis"
],
"word": "polis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for polis meaning in English (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.