See pleach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pleach meaning in English (18.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleshe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleshe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "plechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English plechen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pleche",
"t": "to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach"
},
"expansion": "pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plesser"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plesser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plessier"
},
"expansion": "plessier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plescer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plescer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaissier"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaissier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plessier",
"t": "to plash"
},
"expansion": "plessier (“to plash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "*plaxus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *plaxus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plexus",
"t": "braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plectō",
"t": "to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is from Late Middle English pleshe, Middle English plechen, pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”), possibly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plesser, plessier, Middle French plescer, variants of Middle French, Old French plaissier, plessier (“to plash”), from Late Latin *plaxus, from Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”), perfect passive participle of plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleaches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pleached",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pleached",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pleach (third-person singular simple present pleaches, present participle pleaching, simple past and past participle pleached)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impleach"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pleached"
},
{
"word": "pleacher"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pleaching"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, “Osage Hedges”, in Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1868, Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, published 1869, →OCLC, page 255",
"text": "The season in which to pleach is not when the hedge is growing, but in the fall, between the falling of the leaves and the time when winter sets in. Osage thorn hedge should not be pleached during severe freezing weather, but pleaching may be done in mild weather, when there is but little frost in the wood, and in the winter in southern latitudes. In the northern belt, where the Osage thorn thrives, which is as far north as southern Wisconsin, it is not safe to pleach in winter.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1878 September 21, “How Their Gardens Grow in North America”, in Charles Dickens, Jr., editor, All the Year Round, A Weekly Journal. [...] With which is Incorporated Household Words, volume XXI, number 512 (New Series), London: Published at No. 26, Wellington Street; and by Messrs. Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 271, column 1",
"text": "[I]n Messina, he pleaches Leonato's bower with honeysuckle; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1908 July 22, “Radymadasy” [pseudonym], “Queries. [The Dialect of Shropshire.]”, in Bye-gones: Relating to Wales and the Border Counties, volume X (New Series), Oswestry, Shropshire, Wrexham, Denbighshire: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas and Co.; London: Elliot Stock […], →OCLC, page 260, column 1",
"text": "In the southern and western districts of the county [Shropshire], a hatchet used by farmers and gardeners is called a \"brummuck.\" [...] \"Pleaching\" hedges, a task needing much skill, is done with brummucks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910 September 10, “The Open Life. Birds of the Lakes and Meres.”, in The Outlook: A Weekly Review of Politics, Art, Literature, and Finance, volume XXVI, number 658, London: The Outlook Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 361, column 2",
"text": "Here the reed warblers swing their dainty cradle, rocked by every gust which sways the tall reeds which they cunningly pleach and plait into its fragile sides, but woven deep enough to guard their tiny green and brown marbled eggs from accident.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Samantha Harvey, Dear Thief, London: Jonathan Cape; republished London: Vintage Books, 2015, page 59",
"text": "You finish your A levels, you are so busy discovering yourself that you forget to go to college or get a vocation, you start working in a pub, and, when your best and only friend leaves town, you become a loner and invest yourself in things that rely little on the company of others, like pleaching willow and learning how to slum it comfortably under the stars, and singing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash."
],
"id": "en-pleach-en-verb-tOtg2Kol",
"links": [
[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"interweaving",
"interweave"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
],
[
"interlock",
"interlock#Verb"
],
[
"plash",
"plash#Verb 2"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "entwine"
},
{
"word": "interlace"
},
{
"word": "plait"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "splitam",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "сплитам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "編織"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biānzhī",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "编织"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "punuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "punoa yhteen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "plesser"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "plaissier"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣navs",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "წნავს"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "pleść"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perepletátʹ",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "переплета́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spletátʹ",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сплета́ть"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plit͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-pleach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg/En-us-pleach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "plēch"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Boboli Gardens"
],
"word": "pleach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleshe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleshe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "plechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English plechen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pleche",
"t": "to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach"
},
"expansion": "pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plesser"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plesser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plessier"
},
"expansion": "plessier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plescer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plescer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaissier"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaissier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plessier",
"t": "to plash"
},
"expansion": "plessier (“to plash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "*plaxus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *plaxus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plexus",
"t": "braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plectō",
"t": "to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is from Late Middle English pleshe, Middle English plechen, pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”), possibly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plesser, plessier, Middle French plescer, variants of Middle French, Old French plaissier, plessier (“to plash”), from Late Latin *plaxus, from Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”), perfect passive participle of plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pleach (plural pleaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Leander Clark, “Elesta”, in Kenridge Hall, and Other Poems, Washington, D.C.: Published by Franklin Philp; Tho[ma]s McGill, printer, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 6",
"text": "Not a dryad of the beeches, / Through the filmy forest-reaches, / That a tress of summer pleaches, / But had owned her queen; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc."
],
"id": "en-pleach-en-noun-jrRklhC8",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"result",
"result#Noun"
],
[
"interweaving",
"interweave"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
],
[
"lattice",
"lattice#Noun"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plash"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "splitane",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сплитане"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "punominen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "plessage"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "plecenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 12 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "živ plet",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "жив плет"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 12 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "punosaita"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 12 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "plessis"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 12 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "plecionka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1821, Francis Blaikie, “Cutting of Hedges Continued”, in A Treatise on the Management of Hedges, and Hedge-row Timber, new edition, London: Printed [by Mowlett and Brimmer] for John Harding, […], →OCLC, page 41",
"text": "These stems should be stripped (or nearly so) of their branches, and notched at the bottom (in the way which every hedger knows) to form a pleach: these pleaches should be laid in the intervals along the line of the stubs, and again notched, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1934, T[homas] Hennell, “Hedges and Ditches”, in Change in the Farm, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, →OCLC; 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, 1936, →OCLC, page 40",
"text": "The pleaches are laid over all in the same direction and stakes are driven in so as to come alternately behind and in front of the stems laid over, but the ends of the pleaches are made to finish all on one side, that is to say, on the opposite side of the hedge to the notches. [...] The hedger treads down his pleaches so as to make a firm and solid hedge and winds round the tops of the stakes long, clean rods of hazel, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching; a pleacher."
],
"id": "en-pleach-en-noun-yRfFYBz7",
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"pleaching",
"#Verb"
],
[
"pleacher",
"pleacher"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) A branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching; a pleacher."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 85 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching",
"word": "punottava oksa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 43 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Holly Kerr Forsyth, “Hedges”, in The Constant Gardener: A Botanical Bible, Carlton, Vic.: The Miegunyah Press, Melbourne University Publishing, page 221",
"text": "Traditional hedge laying involves, first, clearing away undergrowth and weeds, particularly from a hedge that has been neglected and allowed to grow tall. Untidy side branches are removed. A cut, known as a pleach, is made in the back of the trunk, leaving a 'hinge'; old-time hedgers recommend that this should be as thick as a lamb's tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Tony Atkins, “Unrestrained and Restrained Workplaces: Dynamic Cutting”, in The Science and Engineering of Cutting: The Mechanics and Processes of Separating, Scratching and Puncturing Biomaterials, Metals and Non-metals, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, section 10.1 (Introduction), page 245",
"text": "When laying hedges, notches (pleaches) are cut in branches that are to be bent (the bent bits must go upwards, otherwise the sap will not run).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out."
],
"id": "en-pleach-en-noun-cgTMSvWc",
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"notch",
"notch#Noun"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"bent",
"bend#Verb"
],
[
"pleaching",
"pleaching#Noun"
],
[
"carried out",
"carry out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) A notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 6 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out",
"word": "lovi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plit͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-pleach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg/En-us-pleach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "plēch"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Boboli Gardens"
],
"word": "pleach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/iːtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/iːtʃ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impleach"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pleached"
},
{
"word": "pleacher"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pleaching"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleshe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleshe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "plechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English plechen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pleche",
"t": "to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach"
},
"expansion": "pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plesser"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plesser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plessier"
},
"expansion": "plessier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plescer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plescer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaissier"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaissier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plessier",
"t": "to plash"
},
"expansion": "plessier (“to plash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "*plaxus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *plaxus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plexus",
"t": "braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plectō",
"t": "to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is from Late Middle English pleshe, Middle English plechen, pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”), possibly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plesser, plessier, Middle French plescer, variants of Middle French, Old French plaissier, plessier (“to plash”), from Late Latin *plaxus, from Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”), perfect passive participle of plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleaches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pleached",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pleached",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pleach (third-person singular simple present pleaches, present participle pleaching, simple past and past participle pleached)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, “Osage Hedges”, in Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1868, Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, published 1869, →OCLC, page 255",
"text": "The season in which to pleach is not when the hedge is growing, but in the fall, between the falling of the leaves and the time when winter sets in. Osage thorn hedge should not be pleached during severe freezing weather, but pleaching may be done in mild weather, when there is but little frost in the wood, and in the winter in southern latitudes. In the northern belt, where the Osage thorn thrives, which is as far north as southern Wisconsin, it is not safe to pleach in winter.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1878 September 21, “How Their Gardens Grow in North America”, in Charles Dickens, Jr., editor, All the Year Round, A Weekly Journal. [...] With which is Incorporated Household Words, volume XXI, number 512 (New Series), London: Published at No. 26, Wellington Street; and by Messrs. Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 271, column 1",
"text": "[I]n Messina, he pleaches Leonato's bower with honeysuckle; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1908 July 22, “Radymadasy” [pseudonym], “Queries. [The Dialect of Shropshire.]”, in Bye-gones: Relating to Wales and the Border Counties, volume X (New Series), Oswestry, Shropshire, Wrexham, Denbighshire: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas and Co.; London: Elliot Stock […], →OCLC, page 260, column 1",
"text": "In the southern and western districts of the county [Shropshire], a hatchet used by farmers and gardeners is called a \"brummuck.\" [...] \"Pleaching\" hedges, a task needing much skill, is done with brummucks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910 September 10, “The Open Life. Birds of the Lakes and Meres.”, in The Outlook: A Weekly Review of Politics, Art, Literature, and Finance, volume XXVI, number 658, London: The Outlook Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 361, column 2",
"text": "Here the reed warblers swing their dainty cradle, rocked by every gust which sways the tall reeds which they cunningly pleach and plait into its fragile sides, but woven deep enough to guard their tiny green and brown marbled eggs from accident.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Samantha Harvey, Dear Thief, London: Jonathan Cape; republished London: Vintage Books, 2015, page 59",
"text": "You finish your A levels, you are so busy discovering yourself that you forget to go to college or get a vocation, you start working in a pub, and, when your best and only friend leaves town, you become a loner and invest yourself in things that rely little on the company of others, like pleaching willow and learning how to slum it comfortably under the stars, and singing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash."
],
"links": [
[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"interweaving",
"interweave"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
],
[
"interlock",
"interlock#Verb"
],
[
"plash",
"plash#Verb 2"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "entwine"
},
{
"word": "interlace"
},
{
"word": "plait"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plit͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-pleach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg/En-us-pleach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "plēch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "splitam",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "сплитам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "編織"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biānzhī",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "编织"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "punuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "punoa yhteen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "plesser"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "plaissier"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣navs",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "წნავს"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"word": "pleść"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perepletátʹ",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "переплета́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spletátʹ",
"sense": "to unite by interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сплета́ть"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Boboli Gardens"
],
"word": "pleach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/iːtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/iːtʃ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleshe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleshe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "plechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English plechen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pleche",
"t": "to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach"
},
"expansion": "pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plesser"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plesser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plessier"
},
"expansion": "plessier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plescer"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plescer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaissier"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaissier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plessier",
"t": "to plash"
},
"expansion": "plessier (“to plash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "*plaxus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *plaxus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plexus",
"t": "braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plectō",
"t": "to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is from Late Middle English pleshe, Middle English plechen, pleche (“to layer; to propagate (a plant) by layering, to pleach”), possibly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plesser, plessier, Middle French plescer, variants of Middle French, Old French plaissier, plessier (“to plash”), from Late Latin *plaxus, from Latin plexus (“braided, plaited, woven; bent, twisted”), perfect passive participle of plectō (“to braid, plait, weave; to bend, turn, twist”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pleach (plural pleaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Leander Clark, “Elesta”, in Kenridge Hall, and Other Poems, Washington, D.C.: Published by Franklin Philp; Tho[ma]s McGill, printer, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 6",
"text": "Not a dryad of the beeches, / Through the filmy forest-reaches, / That a tress of summer pleaches, / But had owned her queen; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"result",
"result#Noun"
],
[
"interweaving",
"interweave"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
],
[
"lattice",
"lattice#Noun"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plash"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1821, Francis Blaikie, “Cutting of Hedges Continued”, in A Treatise on the Management of Hedges, and Hedge-row Timber, new edition, London: Printed [by Mowlett and Brimmer] for John Harding, […], →OCLC, page 41",
"text": "These stems should be stripped (or nearly so) of their branches, and notched at the bottom (in the way which every hedger knows) to form a pleach: these pleaches should be laid in the intervals along the line of the stubs, and again notched, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1934, T[homas] Hennell, “Hedges and Ditches”, in Change in the Farm, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, →OCLC; 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, 1936, →OCLC, page 40",
"text": "The pleaches are laid over all in the same direction and stakes are driven in so as to come alternately behind and in front of the stems laid over, but the ends of the pleaches are made to finish all on one side, that is to say, on the opposite side of the hedge to the notches. [...] The hedger treads down his pleaches so as to make a firm and solid hedge and winds round the tops of the stakes long, clean rods of hazel, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching; a pleacher."
],
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"pleaching",
"#Verb"
],
[
"pleacher",
"pleacher"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) A branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching; a pleacher."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Holly Kerr Forsyth, “Hedges”, in The Constant Gardener: A Botanical Bible, Carlton, Vic.: The Miegunyah Press, Melbourne University Publishing, page 221",
"text": "Traditional hedge laying involves, first, clearing away undergrowth and weeds, particularly from a hedge that has been neglected and allowed to grow tall. Untidy side branches are removed. A cut, known as a pleach, is made in the back of the trunk, leaving a 'hinge'; old-time hedgers recommend that this should be as thick as a lamb's tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Tony Atkins, “Unrestrained and Restrained Workplaces: Dynamic Cutting”, in The Science and Engineering of Cutting: The Mechanics and Processes of Separating, Scratching and Puncturing Biomaterials, Metals and Non-metals, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, section 10.1 (Introduction), page 245",
"text": "When laying hedges, notches (pleaches) are cut in branches that are to be bent (the bent bits must go upwards, otherwise the sap will not run).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out."
],
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"notch",
"notch#Noun"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"bent",
"bend#Verb"
],
[
"pleaching",
"pleaching#Noun"
],
[
"carried out",
"carry out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) A notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plit͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-pleach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg/En-us-pleach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/En-us-pleach.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "plēch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "splitane",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сплитане"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "punominen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "plessage"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or result of interweaving",
"word": "plecenie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "živ plet",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "жив плет"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "punosaita"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "plessis"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.",
"word": "plecionka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a shrub, tree, etc., used for pleaching",
"word": "punottava oksa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "notch cut into a branch so that it can be bent when pleaching is carried out",
"word": "lovi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Boboli Gardens"
],
"word": "pleach"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.