See personalization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English personal\nEnglish personal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish personalize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish personalization\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"personal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"personalize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"personalization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"personalization\">\nFrom personalize + -ation.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English personal\nEnglish personal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish personalize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish personalization\nFrom personalize + -ation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "personalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "personalisation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "personalization (countable and uncountable, plural personalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "American spelling",
"3": "Oxford British spelling"
},
"expansion": "(American spelling, Oxford British English)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "configuration"
},
{
"word": "profile"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of personalizing something, or adapting it for somebody's needs or tastes."
],
"links": [
[
"personalizing",
"personalize"
]
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of personalizing something, or adapting it for somebody's needs or tastes.",
"The configuration of a software product to suit the needs or tastes of one specific user."
],
"links": [
[
"personalizing",
"personalize"
],
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"configuration",
"configuration"
],
[
"user",
"user"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of personalizing something, or adapting it for somebody's needs or tastes.",
"(computing) The configuration of a software product to suit the needs or tastes of one specific user."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of personifying; personification."
],
"links": [
[
"personify",
"personify"
],
[
"personification",
"personification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) The act of personifying; personification."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɜːs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɝs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "olicetvorjavane",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "олицетворяване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalització"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalisatie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personnalisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Personalisierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "exatomíkefsi",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εξατομίκευση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"word": "személyre szabás"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"word": "personalisasi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalizzazione"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalização"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "personalización"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "act of personalizing",
"word": "pagpapasadya"
}
],
"word": "personalization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for personalization meaning in English (10.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.