See periwinkle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for periwinkle meaning in English (18.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "blue periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca minor",
"word": "common periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "bigleaf periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "greater periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca herbacea",
"word": "herbaceous periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "large periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Catharanthus roseus",
"word": "Madagascar periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Catharanthus roseus",
"word": "rose periwinkle rosy periwinkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "periwinkled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "periwinkling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "periwinkler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perwinke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "perfince"
},
"expansion": "Old English perfince",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "perwince"
},
"expansion": "perwince",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "berwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German berwinke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Latin pervinca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pervenche"
},
"expansion": "French pervenche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Italian pervinca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive of Middle English perwinke, from Old English perfince, perwince (compare Middle High German berwinke), from Latin pervinca (compare French pervenche, Italian pervinca), of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "periwinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (plural periwinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 30 23 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 43 19 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 11 11 28 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Purples",
"orig": "en:Purples",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 29 4 27",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogbane family plants",
"orig": "en:Dogbane family plants",
"parents": [
"Gentianales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 42 26 4 22",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Flowers",
"orig": "en:Flowers",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 34 16 10 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Littorinimorphs",
"orig": "en:Littorinimorphs",
"parents": [
"Gastropods",
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several evergreen plants of the genus Vinca with blue or white flowers."
],
"id": "en-periwinkle-en-noun-edWDhh3h",
"links": [
[
"Vinca",
"Vinca"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "61 34 5",
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "myrtle"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 34 5",
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 34 5",
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "creeping myrtle"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 11 11 28 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Purples",
"orig": "en:Purples",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 29 4 27",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogbane family plants",
"orig": "en:Dogbane family plants",
"parents": [
"Gentianales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 34 16 10 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Littorinimorphs",
"orig": "en:Littorinimorphs",
"parents": [
"Gastropods",
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Similar plants of genus Catharanthus."
],
"id": "en-periwinkle-en-noun-OY9Cau8A",
"links": [
[
"Catharanthus",
"Catharanthus#Translingual"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "barvjénak",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барве́нак"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zimzelen",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зимзелен"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蔓長春花"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mànchángchūnhuā",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蔓长春花"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barvínek"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brčál"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "vinko"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "talvio"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervenche"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cangroia"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Immergrün"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Singrün"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khamaidáphnē",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χαμαιδάφνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vínka",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "וינקה"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "mirtusz"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pervinko"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fincín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bláth na faochan"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsurunichinisō",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ツルニチニチソウ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nichinichisō",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ニチニチソウ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qabyrşöp",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "қабыршөп"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliuette"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pèrvenche"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barwinek"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saschiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervincă"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "barvínok",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барви́нок"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зи̏мзеле̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zȉmzelēn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zimzelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "barvínok",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барві́нок"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "perfagl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 10 7 35 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Blues",
"orig": "en:Blues",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 11 11 28 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Purples",
"orig": "en:Purples",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 34 16 10 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Littorinimorphs",
"orig": "en:Littorinimorphs",
"parents": [
"Gastropods",
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "periwinkle:"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A color with bluish and purplish hues, somewhat light."
],
"id": "en-periwinkle-en-noun-ItBsIpM2"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervenche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "babakék"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perwinke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "perfince"
},
"expansion": "Old English perfince",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "perwince"
},
"expansion": "perwince",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "berwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German berwinke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Latin pervinca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pervenche"
},
"expansion": "French pervenche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Italian pervinca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive of Middle English perwinke, from Old English perfince, perwince (compare Middle High German berwinke), from Latin pervinca (compare French pervenche, Italian pervinca), of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more periwinkle",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most periwinkle",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (comparative more periwinkle, superlative most periwinkle)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 10 7 35 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Blues",
"orig": "en:Blues",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 11 11 28 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Purples",
"orig": "en:Purples",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of pale bluish purple colour."
],
"id": "en-periwinkle-en-adj-nDj8qMbF",
"related": [
{
"word": "vinblastine"
},
{
"word": "vincristine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "babakék"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "pervinkea"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "pervinca"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*pinewinkle"
},
"expansion": "*pinewinkle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pennywinkle"
},
"expansion": "pennywinkle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnewincle"
},
"expansion": "Old English pīnewincle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīna",
"t": "kind of mussel"
},
"expansion": "Latin pīna (“kind of mussel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πίνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίνη (pínē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίννα",
"t": "mussel"
},
"expansion": "πίννα (pínna, “mussel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wincel",
"t": "corner"
},
"expansion": "Old English wincel (“corner”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vinkel",
"t": "snail shell"
},
"expansion": "Danish vinkel (“snail shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "winch"
},
"expansion": "winch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wink"
},
"expansion": "wink",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English [Term?], alteration of *pinewinkle (compare English dialectal pennywinkle), from Old English pīnewincle, compound of Latin pīna (“kind of mussel”), itself from Ancient Greek πίνη (pínē), variant of πίννα (pínna, “mussel”)) and Old English wincel (“corner”) (compare dialectal Danish vinkel (“snail shell”)). More at winch and wink.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "periwinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (plural periwinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 11 11 28 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Purples",
"orig": "en:Purples",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 29 4 27",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogbane family plants",
"orig": "en:Dogbane family plants",
"parents": [
"Gentianales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 34 16 10 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Littorinimorphs",
"orig": "en:Littorinimorphs",
"parents": [
"Gastropods",
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina scutulata",
"word": "checkered periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina littorea",
"word": "common periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina obtusata",
"word": "flat periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Turbo sarmaticus",
"word": "giant periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina saxatilis",
"word": "rough periwinkle"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Paul McAuley, Beyond the Burn Line, Gollancz, page 217",
"text": "He was working a pin into a periwinkle shell, turning it to extract the toothsome morsel of meat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mollusk of family Littorinidae."
],
"id": "en-periwinkle-en-noun--KEal2St",
"links": [
[
"mollusk",
"mollusk"
],
[
"Littorinidae",
"Littorinidae#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "mollusk",
"word": "winkle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigorn"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "濱螺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīnluó",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "滨螺"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plážovka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "alikruik"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigorneau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigneau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vignot"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bígaro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caramuxo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mincha"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Uferschnecke"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "meténg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faocha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gioradán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "miongán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "littorale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tamakibigai",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "タマキビガイ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "ngaeti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "mākerekere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "matatangata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "mātangata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "ataata"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "v'licot"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "litorína",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "литори́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigarro"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English term requests",
"en:Blues",
"en:Dogbane family plants",
"en:Flowers",
"en:Littorinimorphs",
"en:Purples"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "blue periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca minor",
"word": "common periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "bigleaf periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "greater periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca herbacea",
"word": "herbaceous periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Vinca major",
"word": "large periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Catharanthus roseus",
"word": "Madagascar periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Catharanthus roseus",
"word": "rose periwinkle rosy periwinkle"
},
{
"word": "periwinkled"
},
{
"word": "periwinkling"
},
{
"word": "periwinkler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perwinke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "perfince"
},
"expansion": "Old English perfince",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "perwince"
},
"expansion": "perwince",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "berwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German berwinke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Latin pervinca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pervenche"
},
"expansion": "French pervenche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Italian pervinca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive of Middle English perwinke, from Old English perfince, perwince (compare Middle High German berwinke), from Latin pervinca (compare French pervenche, Italian pervinca), of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "periwinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (plural periwinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any of several evergreen plants of the genus Vinca with blue or white flowers."
],
"links": [
[
"Vinca",
"Vinca"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Similar plants of genus Catharanthus."
],
"links": [
[
"Catharanthus",
"Catharanthus#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "periwinkle:"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A color with bluish and purplish hues, somewhat light."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "myrtle"
},
{
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"sense": "Vinca",
"word": "creeping myrtle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "barvjénak",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барве́нак"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zimzelen",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зимзелен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蔓長春花"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mànchángchūnhuā",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蔓长春花"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barvínek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brčál"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "vinko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "talvio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervenche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cangroia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Immergrün"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Singrün"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khamaidáphnē",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χαμαιδάφνη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vínka",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "וינקה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "mirtusz"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pervinko"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fincín"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bláth na faochan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsurunichinisō",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ツルニチニチソウ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nichinichisō",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ニチニチソウ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qabyrşöp",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "қабыршөп"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliuette"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pèrvenche"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barwinek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saschiu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervincă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "barvínok",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барви́нок"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зи̏мзеле̄н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zȉmzelēn"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zimzelen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "vinca"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "barvínok",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барві́нок"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "perfagl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pervenche"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "babakék"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pervinca"
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English term requests",
"en:Blues",
"en:Dogbane family plants",
"en:Flowers",
"en:Littorinimorphs",
"en:Purples"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perwinke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "perfince"
},
"expansion": "Old English perfince",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "perwince"
},
"expansion": "perwince",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "berwinke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German berwinke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Latin pervinca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pervenche"
},
"expansion": "French pervenche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pervinca"
},
"expansion": "Italian pervinca",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive of Middle English perwinke, from Old English perfince, perwince (compare Middle High German berwinke), from Latin pervinca (compare French pervenche, Italian pervinca), of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more periwinkle",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most periwinkle",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (comparative more periwinkle, superlative most periwinkle)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vinblastine"
},
{
"word": "vincristine"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of pale bluish purple colour."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "babakék"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "pervinkea"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "pervinca"
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English term requests",
"en:Blues",
"en:Dogbane family plants",
"en:Flowers",
"en:Littorinimorphs",
"en:Purples"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina scutulata",
"word": "checkered periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina littorea",
"word": "common periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina obtusata",
"word": "flat periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Turbo sarmaticus",
"word": "giant periwinkle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Littorina saxatilis",
"word": "rough periwinkle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*pinewinkle"
},
"expansion": "*pinewinkle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pennywinkle"
},
"expansion": "pennywinkle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnewincle"
},
"expansion": "Old English pīnewincle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīna",
"t": "kind of mussel"
},
"expansion": "Latin pīna (“kind of mussel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πίνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίνη (pínē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίννα",
"t": "mussel"
},
"expansion": "πίννα (pínna, “mussel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wincel",
"t": "corner"
},
"expansion": "Old English wincel (“corner”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vinkel",
"t": "snail shell"
},
"expansion": "Danish vinkel (“snail shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "winch"
},
"expansion": "winch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wink"
},
"expansion": "wink",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English [Term?], alteration of *pinewinkle (compare English dialectal pennywinkle), from Old English pīnewincle, compound of Latin pīna (“kind of mussel”), itself from Ancient Greek πίνη (pínē), variant of πίννα (pínna, “mussel”)) and Old English wincel (“corner”) (compare dialectal Danish vinkel (“snail shell”)). More at winch and wink.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "periwinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "periwinkle (plural periwinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Paul McAuley, Beyond the Burn Line, Gollancz, page 217",
"text": "He was working a pin into a periwinkle shell, turning it to extract the toothsome morsel of meat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mollusk of family Littorinidae."
],
"links": [
[
"mollusk",
"mollusk"
],
[
"Littorinidae",
"Littorinidae#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "mollusk",
"word": "winkle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigorn"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "濱螺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīnluó",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "滨螺"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plážovka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "alikruik"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigorneau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigneau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vignot"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bígaro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caramuxo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mincha"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Uferschnecke"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "meténg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faocha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gioradán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "miongán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "littorale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tamakibigai",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "タマキビガイ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "ngaeti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "mākerekere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "matatangata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "mātangata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mollusc",
"word": "ataata"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "v'licot"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litorină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "litorína",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "литори́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mollusc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigarro"
}
],
"word": "periwinkle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.