See nouveau riche in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "nouveau riche",
"lit": "new rich"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nouveaux riches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "nouveaux riches",
"nolinkhead": "1"
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "vieux riche"
},
{
"word": "nouveau pauvre"
}
],
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"_dis": "15 85",
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"_dis": "18 82",
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"_dis": "24 76",
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{
"_dis": "17 83",
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{
"_dis": "24 76",
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"_dis": "17 83",
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"_dis": "17 83",
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{
"_dis": "17 83",
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{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Wealth",
"orig": "en:Wealth",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "new nouveau riche"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, chapter VII, in The Parisians, book III:",
"text": "You must find your opening at Paris. I wish you to spend a year in the capital, and live, not extravagantly, like a nouveau riche, but in a way not unsuited to your rank, and permitting you all the social advantages that belong to it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, Lord Frederic Hamilton, Here, There And Everywhere:",
"text": "Twenty-four hours later we were both in the vast halls of the Winter Palace in full uniform, as bedizened with gold as a nouveau riche’s drawing-room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy."
],
"id": "en-nouveau_riche-en-noun-IkqxICnT",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"New money",
"new money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "nouveau"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"word": "arriviste"
},
{
"word": "neo-rich"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nuweryk"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nuwegeld"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḥdaṯ an-naʕma",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُحْدَث اَلنَّعْمَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "noraharust",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "նորահարուստ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nóvybahaty",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "новыбагаты"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "novobogatáš",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новобогата́ш"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "luhkyam:saa.sac",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "လူချမ်းသာအသစ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nou-ric"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴發戶"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "bou⁶ faat³ wu⁶",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴发户"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "tou² hou⁴",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "土豪"
},
{
"code": "cjy",
"lang": "Jin Chinese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "發咾猛財的"
},
{
"alt": "fah⁴ lau²⁻¹ meng² cai¹ deh",
"code": "cjy",
"lang": "Jin Chinese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "发咾猛财的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴發戶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bàofāhù",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴发户"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǔháo",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "土豪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbohatlík"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "novriĉulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "uusrikkaat"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nouveau riche"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arriviste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Neureicher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Emporkömmling"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parvenü"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "neóploutos",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νεόπλουτος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nuvórish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "נוּבּוֹרֶישֶׁ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nae amīr",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "नए अमीर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kal kā navāb",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "कल का नवाब"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "újgazdag"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "parvenü"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "jöttment"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nýríkur maður"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "orang kaya baru"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "lucht an nuashaibhris"
},
{
"alt": "なりきん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "narikin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "成り金"
},
{
"alt": "なりあがりもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nariagarimono",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "成り上がり者"
},
{
"alt": "できぼし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dekiboshi",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "出来星"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jolbu",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "졸부"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeorakbuja",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "벼락부자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "donju",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"North-Korea"
],
"word": "돈주"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "dinyanedîtî"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novus homo"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "iškilėlis"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šinebajan",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "шинэбаян"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "noddoltân",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "نودولتان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nowobogacki"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuworysz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nowobogacz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dorobkiewicz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parweniusz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrivista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novo-rico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenit"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ajuns"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "căpătuit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuvoríš",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нувори́ш"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parvenjú",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парвеню́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výskočka",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́скочка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorojević"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorojevićka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arribista"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuevo rico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nyrik"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "bagong-yaman"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "biglang-yaman"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "sonradan görme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "kıro"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nhà giàu mới nổi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃ"
}
],
"word": "nouveau riche"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "nouveau riche",
"lit": "new rich"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "nouveau riche (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Edith Wharton, “A Cup of Cold Water”, in The Greater Inclination:",
"text": "Her supreme charm was the simplicity that comes of taking it for granted that people are born with carriages and country-places: it never occurred to her that such congenital attributes could be matter for self-consciousness, and she had none of the nouveau riche prudery which classes poverty with the nude in art and is not sure how to behave in the presence of either.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Newly rich; like a nouveau riche."
],
"id": "en-nouveau_riche-en-adj-agLYFM9~",
"links": [
[
"Newly",
"newly"
],
[
"rich",
"rich"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "newly rich",
"word": "uusrikas"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "newly rich",
"word": "neureich"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-nouveau riche.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃ"
}
],
"word": "nouveau riche"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtʃ",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jin translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:People",
"en:Wealth"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "new nouveau riche"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "nouveau riche",
"lit": "new rich"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nouveaux riches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "nouveaux riches",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "nouveau riche (countable and uncountable, plural nouveaux riches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nouveau"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "vieux riche"
},
{
"word": "nouveau pauvre"
}
],
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, chapter VII, in The Parisians, book III:",
"text": "You must find your opening at Paris. I wish you to spend a year in the capital, and live, not extravagantly, like a nouveau riche, but in a way not unsuited to your rank, and permitting you all the social advantages that belong to it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, Lord Frederic Hamilton, Here, There And Everywhere:",
"text": "Twenty-four hours later we were both in the vast halls of the Winter Palace in full uniform, as bedizened with gold as a nouveau riche’s drawing-room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"New money",
"new money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"word": "arriviste"
},
{
"word": "neo-rich"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-nouveau riche.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nuweryk"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nuwegeld"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḥdaṯ an-naʕma",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُحْدَث اَلنَّعْمَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "noraharust",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "նորահարուստ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nóvybahaty",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "новыбагаты"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "novobogatáš",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новобогата́ш"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "luhkyam:saa.sac",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "လူချမ်းသာအသစ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nou-ric"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴發戶"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "bou⁶ faat³ wu⁶",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴发户"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "tou² hou⁴",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "土豪"
},
{
"code": "cjy",
"lang": "Jin Chinese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "發咾猛財的"
},
{
"alt": "fah⁴ lau²⁻¹ meng² cai¹ deh",
"code": "cjy",
"lang": "Jin Chinese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "发咾猛财的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴發戶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bàofāhù",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "暴发户"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǔháo",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "土豪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbohatlík"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "novriĉulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "uusrikkaat"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nouveau riche"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arriviste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Neureicher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Emporkömmling"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Parvenü"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "neóploutos",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νεόπλουτος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nuvórish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "נוּבּוֹרֶישֶׁ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nae amīr",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "नए अमीर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kal kā navāb",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "कल का नवाब"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "újgazdag"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "parvenü"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "jöttment"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nýríkur maður"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "orang kaya baru"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "lucht an nuashaibhris"
},
{
"alt": "なりきん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "narikin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "成り金"
},
{
"alt": "なりあがりもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nariagarimono",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "成り上がり者"
},
{
"alt": "できぼし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dekiboshi",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "出来星"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jolbu",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "졸부"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeorakbuja",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "벼락부자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "donju",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"North-Korea"
],
"word": "돈주"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "dinyanedîtî"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novus homo"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "iškilėlis"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šinebajan",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "шинэбаян"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "noddoltân",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "نودولتان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nowobogacki"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuworysz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nowobogacz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dorobkiewicz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parweniusz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrivista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novo-rico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvenit"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ajuns"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "căpătuit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuvoríš",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нувори́ш"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parvenjú",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парвеню́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výskočka",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́скочка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorojević"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorojevićka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arribista"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuevo rico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nyrik"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "bagong-yaman"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "biglang-yaman"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "sonradan görme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "kıro"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy",
"word": "nhà giàu mới nổi"
}
],
"word": "nouveau riche"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtʃ",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jin translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:People",
"en:Wealth"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "nouveau riche",
"lit": "new rich"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "nouveau riche (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Edith Wharton, “A Cup of Cold Water”, in The Greater Inclination:",
"text": "Her supreme charm was the simplicity that comes of taking it for granted that people are born with carriages and country-places: it never occurred to her that such congenital attributes could be matter for self-consciousness, and she had none of the nouveau riche prudery which classes poverty with the nude in art and is not sure how to behave in the presence of either.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Newly rich; like a nouveau riche."
],
"links": [
[
"Newly",
"newly"
],
[
"rich",
"rich"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-nouveau riche.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-nouveau_riche.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "newly rich",
"word": "uusrikas"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "newly rich",
"word": "neureich"
}
],
"word": "nouveau riche"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nouveau riche meaning in English (24.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.