See needs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"3": "*naut-"
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"t": "of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably"
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"name": "inh"
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"name": "affix"
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"etymology_text": "From Middle English nedes (“of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably”) [and other forms], from Old English nēdes, nīedes (“of necessity; not willingly”), from nīed + -es (suffix forming adverbs from nouns).\nThe English word is equivalent to need + -'s (possessive marker) and hence to need + -s (suffix forming adverbs).",
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"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
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"derived": [
{
"word": "must needs"
},
{
"word": "needs must"
},
{
"word": "needs-cost"
},
{
"word": "needs must when the devil drives"
}
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{
"ref": "1584, Iaspar Loarte [i.e., Gaspart Loarte], “Certaine General Aduertissementes Necessary for suche as Minde to Serue God Sincerely”, in James Sancer [pseudonym; Stephen Brinkley], transl., The Exercise of a Christian Life. […], [Rouen]: [Robert Person’s Press], →OCLC, pages 10–11:",
"text": "As touching corporal puniſhments and penance, as faſting, diſciplin, hare cloth and other chaſtiſements, it behoueth thee herein to vſe good diſcretiõ, taking ſuch as help to repreſſe the aſſaults and temptations of the fleſh, and leuing others that may be hurtful, not yeelding herein to the heats, which ſome nouices are vvont to haue in their beginning, who thorough indiſcrete mortifying, and dompting of their fleſhe, fal into ſome ſuche infirmitie, as aftervvardes they muſt needes pamper and cheriſhe it to much.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 2, column 2:",
"text": "To haue no Schreene between this part he plaid, / And him he plaid it for, he needes will be / Abſolute Millaine,[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, pages 214–215:",
"text": "For they both ſay and beleeue that this picture hath ſo great vertue, as alſo that of Padua, whereof I haue before ſpoken, that whenſoeuer it is carried abroad in a ſolemne proceſſion in the time of a great drougth, it will cauſe raine to deſcend from heauen either before it is brought backe into the Church, or very ſhortly after. […] I cannot be induced to attribute ſo much to the vertue of a picture, as the Venetians do, except I had ſeene ſome notable miracle wrought by the ſame. For it brought no drops at all with it: onely about two dayes after it rained (I muſt needes confeſſe) amaine. But I hope they are not ſo ſuperſtitious to aſcribe that to the vertue of the picture.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, James Ussher, “Of Traditions”, in An Ansvver to a Challenge Made by a Iesuite in Ireland. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for the Society of Stationers, →OCLC; republished in C[harles] R[ichard] Elrington, editor, The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D.D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of All Ireland, volume III, Dublin: Hodges & Smith; London: Whittaker & Co., [1831], →OCLC, page 41:",
"text": "To begin therefore with Traditions, which is your forlorn hope that in the first place we are to set upon: this must I needs tell you before we begin, that you much mistake the matter, if you think that traditions of all sorts promiscuously are struck at by our religion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 411–414:",
"text": "Sole partner and ſole part of all theſe joyes, / Dearer thy ſelf then all; needs muſt the Power / That made us, and for us this ample World / Be infinitly good, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1768, Mr. Yorick [pseudonym; Laurence Sterne], “The Passport. Versailles.”, in A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, volume II, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, […], →OCLC, page 62:",
"text": "―And the maſter of my hotel, ſaid I, as I concluded it, will needs have it, Monſieur le Count, that I ſhall be ſent to the Baſtile— […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1782, William Cowper, “The Diverting History of John Gilpin, […]”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], published 1785, →OCLC, page 349:",
"text": "So ſtooping down, as needs he muſt / Who cannot ſit upright, / He graſp'd the mane with both his hands / And eke with all his might.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822 May 21, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Wedding”, in Bracebridge Hall, or The Humourists. A Medley. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: […] C. S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 339:",
"text": "The Squire must needs have something of the old ceremonies observed on the occasion; so, at the gate of the church-yard, several little girls of the village, dressed in white, were in readiness with baskets of flowers, which they strewed before the bride, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1828 May 15, [Walter Scott], chapter VII, in Chronicles of the Canongate. Second Series. […] (The Fair Maid of Perth), volume III, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] for Cadell and Co.; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, page 179:",
"text": "Vulcan was a smith as well as Harry Wynd; he would needs wed Venus, and our Chronicles tell us what came of it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Promise of May”, in Locksley Hall Sixty Years After etc., London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1886, →OCLC, Act II, page 119:",
"text": "O my God, if man be only / A willy-nilly current of sensations— / Reaction needs must follow revel—yet— / Why feel remorse, he, knowing that he must have / Moved in the iron grooves of Destiny?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 May – 1887 April, Thomas Hardy, chapter III, in The Woodlanders […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1887, →OCLC, page 48:",
"text": "[\"]Why, Marty—whatever has happened to your head? Lord, it has shrunk to nothing—it looks like an apple upon a gate-post!\" / Her heart swelled and she could not speak. At length she managed to groan, looking on the ground, \"I've made myself ugly—and hateful—that's what I've done!\" / \"No, no,\" he answered, \"You've only cut your hair—I see now.\" / \"Then why must you needs say that about apples and gate-posts?\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XXV”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 36:",
"text": "The time of year a twelvemonth past, / When Fred and I would meet, / We needs must jangle, till at last / We fought and I was beat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, “Dulce Domum”, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 110:",
"text": "His spirits finally quite restored, he must needs go and caress his possessions, and take a lamp and show off their points to his visitor and expiate on them, quite forgetful of the supper they both so much needed; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably."
],
"id": "en-needs-en-adv-e3Xs9xKz",
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"necessity"
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[
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[
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"(archaic) Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "needes"
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"etymology_number": 2,
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"etymology_text": "From need + -s.",
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"2": "need",
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"etymology_text": "From need + -s.",
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *naut-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -s",
"English terms suffixed with -s (adverbial)",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz/1 syllable"
],
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"word": "must needs"
},
{
"word": "needs must"
},
{
"word": "needs-cost"
},
{
"word": "needs must when the devil drives"
}
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"name": "inh"
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"name": "nb..."
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"name": "inh"
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"name": "glossary"
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"pos2": "suffix forming adverbs"
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"expansion": "need + -s (suffix forming adverbs)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English nedes (“of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably”) [and other forms], from Old English nēdes, nīedes (“of necessity; not willingly”), from nīed + -es (suffix forming adverbs from nouns).\nThe English word is equivalent to need + -'s (possessive marker) and hence to need + -s (suffix forming adverbs).",
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{
"ref": "1584, Iaspar Loarte [i.e., Gaspart Loarte], “Certaine General Aduertissementes Necessary for suche as Minde to Serue God Sincerely”, in James Sancer [pseudonym; Stephen Brinkley], transl., The Exercise of a Christian Life. […], [Rouen]: [Robert Person’s Press], →OCLC, pages 10–11:",
"text": "As touching corporal puniſhments and penance, as faſting, diſciplin, hare cloth and other chaſtiſements, it behoueth thee herein to vſe good diſcretiõ, taking ſuch as help to repreſſe the aſſaults and temptations of the fleſh, and leuing others that may be hurtful, not yeelding herein to the heats, which ſome nouices are vvont to haue in their beginning, who thorough indiſcrete mortifying, and dompting of their fleſhe, fal into ſome ſuche infirmitie, as aftervvardes they muſt needes pamper and cheriſhe it to much.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 2, column 2:",
"text": "To haue no Schreene between this part he plaid, / And him he plaid it for, he needes will be / Abſolute Millaine,[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, pages 214–215:",
"text": "For they both ſay and beleeue that this picture hath ſo great vertue, as alſo that of Padua, whereof I haue before ſpoken, that whenſoeuer it is carried abroad in a ſolemne proceſſion in the time of a great drougth, it will cauſe raine to deſcend from heauen either before it is brought backe into the Church, or very ſhortly after. […] I cannot be induced to attribute ſo much to the vertue of a picture, as the Venetians do, except I had ſeene ſome notable miracle wrought by the ſame. For it brought no drops at all with it: onely about two dayes after it rained (I muſt needes confeſſe) amaine. But I hope they are not ſo ſuperſtitious to aſcribe that to the vertue of the picture.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, James Ussher, “Of Traditions”, in An Ansvver to a Challenge Made by a Iesuite in Ireland. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for the Society of Stationers, →OCLC; republished in C[harles] R[ichard] Elrington, editor, The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D.D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of All Ireland, volume III, Dublin: Hodges & Smith; London: Whittaker & Co., [1831], →OCLC, page 41:",
"text": "To begin therefore with Traditions, which is your forlorn hope that in the first place we are to set upon: this must I needs tell you before we begin, that you much mistake the matter, if you think that traditions of all sorts promiscuously are struck at by our religion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 411–414:",
"text": "Sole partner and ſole part of all theſe joyes, / Dearer thy ſelf then all; needs muſt the Power / That made us, and for us this ample World / Be infinitly good, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1768, Mr. Yorick [pseudonym; Laurence Sterne], “The Passport. Versailles.”, in A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, volume II, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, […], →OCLC, page 62:",
"text": "―And the maſter of my hotel, ſaid I, as I concluded it, will needs have it, Monſieur le Count, that I ſhall be ſent to the Baſtile— […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1782, William Cowper, “The Diverting History of John Gilpin, […]”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], published 1785, →OCLC, page 349:",
"text": "So ſtooping down, as needs he muſt / Who cannot ſit upright, / He graſp'd the mane with both his hands / And eke with all his might.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822 May 21, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Wedding”, in Bracebridge Hall, or The Humourists. A Medley. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: […] C. S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 339:",
"text": "The Squire must needs have something of the old ceremonies observed on the occasion; so, at the gate of the church-yard, several little girls of the village, dressed in white, were in readiness with baskets of flowers, which they strewed before the bride, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1828 May 15, [Walter Scott], chapter VII, in Chronicles of the Canongate. Second Series. […] (The Fair Maid of Perth), volume III, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] for Cadell and Co.; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, page 179:",
"text": "Vulcan was a smith as well as Harry Wynd; he would needs wed Venus, and our Chronicles tell us what came of it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Promise of May”, in Locksley Hall Sixty Years After etc., London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1886, →OCLC, Act II, page 119:",
"text": "O my God, if man be only / A willy-nilly current of sensations— / Reaction needs must follow revel—yet— / Why feel remorse, he, knowing that he must have / Moved in the iron grooves of Destiny?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 May – 1887 April, Thomas Hardy, chapter III, in The Woodlanders […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1887, →OCLC, page 48:",
"text": "[\"]Why, Marty—whatever has happened to your head? Lord, it has shrunk to nothing—it looks like an apple upon a gate-post!\" / Her heart swelled and she could not speak. At length she managed to groan, looking on the ground, \"I've made myself ugly—and hateful—that's what I've done!\" / \"No, no,\" he answered, \"You've only cut your hair—I see now.\" / \"Then why must you needs say that about apples and gate-posts?\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XXV”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 36:",
"text": "The time of year a twelvemonth past, / When Fred and I would meet, / We needs must jangle, till at last / We fought and I was beat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, “Dulce Domum”, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 110:",
"text": "His spirits finally quite restored, he must needs go and caress his possessions, and take a lamp and show off their points to his visitor and expiate on them, quite forgetful of the supper they both so much needed; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably."
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must#Verb"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"need",
"need#Noun"
],
[
"necessarily",
"necessarily"
],
[
"indispensably",
"indispensably"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-needs.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/nidz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-needs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg/En-us-needs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːdz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "needes"
}
],
"word": "needs"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English terms suffixed with -s",
"English terms suffixed with -s (regular plural)",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "need",
"3": "s",
"id2": "regular plural"
},
"expansion": "need + -s",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From need + -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "needs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "need"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-needs.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/nidz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-needs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg/En-us-needs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːdz"
}
],
"word": "needs"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -s",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz",
"Rhymes:English/iːdz/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "need",
"3": "s"
},
"expansion": "need + -s",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From need + -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "needs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "need"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular simple present indicative of need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-needs.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-needs.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/nidz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-needs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg/En-us-needs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-needs.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːdz"
}
],
"word": "needs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for needs meaning in English (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.