"masker" meaning in English

See masker in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈmæskə(ɹ)/, /ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav [Southern-England] Forms: maskers [plural]
Etymology: From mask + -er. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|mask|er}} mask + -er Head templates: {{en-noun}} masker (plural maskers)
  1. One who wears a mask; one who appears in disguise at a masquerade or wears a mask in a ritual. Categories (topical): People Translations (one who wears a mask): álarcos (Hungarian)
    Sense id: en-masker-en-noun-kalJ~cdn Disambiguation of People: 93 0 2 0 2 3 Disambiguation of 'one who wears a mask': 96 4
  2. That which masks (noise in a signal, etc.).
    Sense id: en-masker-en-noun-GKqt0Frh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: antimasker, pro-masker
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ˈmæskə(ɹ)/, /ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav [Southern-England] Forms: maskers [present, singular, third-person], maskering [participle, present], maskered [participle, past], maskered [past]
Etymology: From Middle English *maskeren, malskren (“to bewilder”) (compare Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”)), from Old English *malscrian (attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Cognate with Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”). More at mask. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|*maskeren}} Middle English *maskeren, {{m|enm|malskren||to bewilder}} malskren (“to bewilder”), {{cog|enm|bimalscren||to bewitch}} Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”), {{inh|en|ang|*malscrian}} Old English *malscrian, {{m|ang|malscrung||enchantment, charm}} malscrung (“enchantment, charm”), {{gloss|attested in derivative <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">malscrung</i> (“enchantment, charm”)}} (attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*malskaz||haughty}} Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*(s)mel-||to beat, crush, grind}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”), {{cog|dum|malsch||headstrong, zealous}} Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”), {{cog|got|𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃||foolish}} Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”), {{l|en|mask#Etymology_4|mask}} mask Head templates: {{en-verb}} masker (third-person singular simple present maskers, present participle maskering, simple past and past participle maskered)
  1. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To render giddy or senseless Tags: dialectal, transitive Synonyms (render giddy): confuse, bewilder, stupefy
    Sense id: en-masker-en-verb-BmIsC~gS Disambiguation of 'render giddy': 84 2 7 7
  2. (intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To be bewildered. Tags: dialectal, intransitive
    Sense id: en-masker-en-verb-TIyokXyi
  3. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To choke; stifle. Tags: dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-masker-en-verb-RbcQHGOZ
  4. (transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To decay; rust. Tags: dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-masker-en-verb-h~Xs7CqJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for masker meaning in English (7.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*maskeren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *maskeren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "malskren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bewilder"
      },
      "expansion": "malskren (“to bewilder”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bimalscren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bewitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*malscrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *malscrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "malscrung",
        "3": "",
        "4": "enchantment, charm"
      },
      "expansion": "malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "attested in derivative <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">malscrung</i> (“enchantment, charm”)"
      },
      "expansion": "(attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”))",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*malskaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "haughty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to beat, crush, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "malsch",
        "3": "",
        "4": "headstrong, zealous"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "foolish"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mask#Etymology_4",
        "3": "mask"
      },
      "expansion": "mask",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English *maskeren, malskren (“to bewilder”) (compare Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”)), from Old English *malscrian (attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Cognate with Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”). More at mask.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maskers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "masker (third-person singular simple present maskers, present participle maskering, simple past and past participle maskered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2000, Paul Salzman, Early Modern Women's Writing",
          "text": "He is so, for he is not one that sets forth to the wars with great resolutions and hopes, and returns with maskered fears, and despairs; neither is he like those that take more care, and are more industrious to get gay clothes, and fine feathers, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To render giddy or senseless"
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-verb-BmIsC~gS",
      "links": [
        [
          "giddy",
          "giddy"
        ],
        [
          "senseless",
          "senseless"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To render giddy or senseless"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 7 7",
          "sense": "render giddy",
          "word": "confuse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 7 7",
          "sense": "render giddy",
          "word": "bewilder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 7 7",
          "sense": "render giddy",
          "word": "stupefy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To be bewildered."
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-verb-TIyokXyi",
      "links": [
        [
          "bewildered",
          "bewildered"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To be bewildered."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To choke; stifle."
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-verb-RbcQHGOZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "choke",
          "choke"
        ],
        [
          "stifle",
          "stifle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To choke; stifle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To decay; rust."
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-verb-h~Xs7CqJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "decay",
          "decay"
        ],
        [
          "rust",
          "rust"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To decay; rust."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmæskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "masker"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "antimasker"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pro-masker"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mask",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "mask + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From mask + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maskers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "masker (plural maskers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "93 0 2 0 2 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death",
          "text": "But to the chamber which lies most westwardly of the seven, there are now none of the maskers who venture; for the night is waning away […].",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, L. Day, Gender and Power in Sierra Leone: Women Chiefs of the Last Two Centuries",
          "text": "Like the men's society, the corporate consciousness of women and their respected place in the political body is represented by a masked spirit. This sowei (masker), like all the officials of the society, represents the corporate body of women and retains the authority to levy fines and punish women and men or the community as a whole. The ndoli Jowei (dancing sowei) is a masker whose figure is completely covered with black raffia, topped by the sowei mask.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who wears a mask; one who appears in disguise at a masquerade or wears a mask in a ritual."
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-noun-kalJ~cdn",
      "links": [
        [
          "masquerade",
          "masquerade"
        ],
        [
          "ritual",
          "ritual"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "one who wears a mask",
          "word": "álarcos"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: maskee"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which masks (noise in a signal, etc.)."
      ],
      "id": "en-masker-en-noun-GKqt0Frh"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmæskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "masker"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*maskeren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *maskeren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "malskren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bewilder"
      },
      "expansion": "malskren (“to bewilder”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bimalscren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bewitch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*malscrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *malscrian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "malscrung",
        "3": "",
        "4": "enchantment, charm"
      },
      "expansion": "malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "attested in derivative <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">malscrung</i> (“enchantment, charm”)"
      },
      "expansion": "(attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”))",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*malskaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "haughty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to beat, crush, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "malsch",
        "3": "",
        "4": "headstrong, zealous"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "foolish"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mask#Etymology_4",
        "3": "mask"
      },
      "expansion": "mask",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English *maskeren, malskren (“to bewilder”) (compare Middle English bimalscren (“to bewitch”)), from Old English *malscrian (attested in derivative malscrung (“enchantment, charm”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“haughty”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Cognate with Middle Dutch malsch (“headstrong, zealous”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (malsks, “foolish”). More at mask.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maskers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maskered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "masker (third-person singular simple present maskers, present participle maskering, simple past and past participle maskered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2000, Paul Salzman, Early Modern Women's Writing",
          "text": "He is so, for he is not one that sets forth to the wars with great resolutions and hopes, and returns with maskered fears, and despairs; neither is he like those that take more care, and are more industrious to get gay clothes, and fine feathers, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To render giddy or senseless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "giddy",
          "giddy"
        ],
        [
          "senseless",
          "senseless"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To render giddy or senseless"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be bewildered."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bewildered",
          "bewildered"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, now chiefly dialectal) To be bewildered."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To choke; stifle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "choke",
          "choke"
        ],
        [
          "stifle",
          "stifle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To choke; stifle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To decay; rust."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "decay",
          "decay"
        ],
        [
          "rust",
          "rust"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, now chiefly dialectal) To decay; rust."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmæskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "render giddy",
      "word": "confuse"
    },
    {
      "sense": "render giddy",
      "word": "bewilder"
    },
    {
      "sense": "render giddy",
      "word": "stupefy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "masker"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "antimasker"
    },
    {
      "word": "pro-masker"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mask",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "mask + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From mask + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maskers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "masker (plural maskers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death",
          "text": "But to the chamber which lies most westwardly of the seven, there are now none of the maskers who venture; for the night is waning away […].",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, L. Day, Gender and Power in Sierra Leone: Women Chiefs of the Last Two Centuries",
          "text": "Like the men's society, the corporate consciousness of women and their respected place in the political body is represented by a masked spirit. This sowei (masker), like all the officials of the society, represents the corporate body of women and retains the authority to levy fines and punish women and men or the community as a whole. The ndoli Jowei (dancing sowei) is a masker whose figure is completely covered with black raffia, topped by the sowei mask.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who wears a mask; one who appears in disguise at a masquerade or wears a mask in a ritual."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "masquerade",
          "masquerade"
        ],
        [
          "ritual",
          "ritual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: maskee"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which masks (noise in a signal, etc.)."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmæskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑːskə(ɹ)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-masker.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-masker.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "one who wears a mask",
      "word": "álarcos"
    }
  ],
  "word": "masker"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.