See makeshift in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make shift"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from make shift",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makeshifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (plural makeshifts)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"_dis": "43 57",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "42 58",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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{
"_dis": "47 53",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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{
"_dis": "43 57",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "43 57",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 316:",
"text": "And I am not a model clergyman—only a decent makeshift.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1923, Benjamin C. Marsh, “For the Community to Do”, in The World tomorrow, volume 6:",
"text": "Hoboism cannot be cured or prevented by makeshifts or by local measures and efforts, although community interest naturally is vital in dealing with a problem that comes home to every community.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution."
],
"id": "en-makeshift-en-noun-UUla9j6V",
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"insubstantial",
"insubstantial"
],
[
"substitution",
"substitution"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zamestitel",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "заместител"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "權宜之計"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quányízhījì",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "权宜之计"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "provizórium"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dočasná náhrada"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "noodoplossing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "hätävara"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Provisorium"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Notlösung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notbehelf"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ainmniúchas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siocair"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "earra ionaid"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ripiego"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "improvvisazione"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prowizorka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improviso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennaja zaména",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вре́менная заме́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennoje prisposoblénije",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вре́менное приспособле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apaño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "improvisación"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-makeshift.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg/En-us-makeshift.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "make shift"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from make shift",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more makeshift",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most makeshift",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (comparative more makeshift, superlative most makeshift)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 36 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "32 29 39",
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"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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{
"_dis": "48 52",
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
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"_dis": "45 55",
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They used the ledge and a few branches for a makeshift shelter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Hodgson was able to introduce Arsenal teenager Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his debut late on as this makeshift England line-up closed out a victory that was solid for the most part without ever threatening to be spectacular.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted."
],
"id": "en-makeshift-en-adj-yW6uERl5",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"suffice",
"suffice"
],
[
"improvise",
"improvise"
],
[
"substituted",
"substituted"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisional"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "臨時代用的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "línshí dàiyòng de",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "临时代用的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "湊合的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "còuhe de",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "凑合的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provizorní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dočasný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improvizovaný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "voorlopig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "geïmproviseerd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "nood-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "tijdelijk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "hätävara -"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "tilapäis-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "de fortune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "behelfsmäßig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisch"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "fortin"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāmaclāū",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "कामचलाऊ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "calāū",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "चलाऊ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "joṛ-toṛ",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "जोड़-तोड़"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "improvvisato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "di fortuna"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provvisorio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "arraffazzonato"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "間に合わせの"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "仮の"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "nødløsning"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "improvisert"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prowizoryczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improvisado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provizoriu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "вре́менный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "improvizírovannyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "импровизи́рованный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "self-made, not manufactured",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samodélʹnyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "самоде́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "sealach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisional"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisk"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-makeshift.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg/En-us-makeshift.ogg.mp3",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"3": "shift"
},
"expansion": "make + shift",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1560s. From make + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makeshifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (plural makeshifts)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"Verb-noun compounds",
"Exocentric compounds",
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"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 90",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1592, Gabriel Harvey, “The First Letter”, in Four Letters and Certain Sonnets, new edition, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, published 1814, A Due Commendation of the Quipping Author, page 2:",
"text": "Greene the coneycatcher, of this dream the author, / For his dainty devise deserveth the halter. / A rakehell, a makeshift, a scribbling fool; / A famous bayard in city and school: / Now sick as a dog, and ever brain-sick, / Where such a raving and desperate Dick?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rogue; a shifty person."
],
"id": "en-makeshift-en-noun-DiBK5z1w",
"links": [
[
"rogue",
"rogue"
],
[
"shifty",
"shifty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rogue; a shifty person."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English deverbals",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English exocentric verb-noun compounds",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make shift"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from make shift",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makeshifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (plural makeshifts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 316:",
"text": "And I am not a model clergyman—only a decent makeshift.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1923, Benjamin C. Marsh, “For the Community to Do”, in The World tomorrow, volume 6:",
"text": "Hoboism cannot be cured or prevented by makeshifts or by local measures and efforts, although community interest naturally is vital in dealing with a problem that comes home to every community.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution."
],
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"insubstantial",
"insubstantial"
],
[
"substitution",
"substitution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-makeshift.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg/En-us-makeshift.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zamestitel",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "заместител"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "權宜之計"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quányízhījì",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "权宜之计"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "provizórium"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dočasná náhrada"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "noodoplossing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"word": "hätävara"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Provisorium"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Notlösung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notbehelf"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ainmniúchas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siocair"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "earra ionaid"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ripiego"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "improvvisazione"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prowizorka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improviso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennaja zaména",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вре́менная заме́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennoje prisposoblénije",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вре́менное приспособле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apaño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "temporary substitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "improvisación"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English deverbals",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English exocentric verb-noun compounds",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make shift"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from make shift",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more makeshift",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most makeshift",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (comparative more makeshift, superlative most makeshift)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They used the ledge and a few branches for a makeshift shelter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Hodgson was able to introduce Arsenal teenager Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his debut late on as this makeshift England line-up closed out a victory that was solid for the most part without ever threatening to be spectacular.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"suffice",
"suffice"
],
[
"improvise",
"improvise"
],
[
"substituted",
"substituted"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-makeshift.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg/En-us-makeshift.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-makeshift.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisional"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "臨時代用的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "línshí dàiyòng de",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "临时代用的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "湊合的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "còuhe de",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "凑合的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provizorní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dočasný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improvizovaný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "voorlopig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "geïmproviseerd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "nood-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "tijdelijk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "hätävara -"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "tilapäis-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "de fortune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "behelfsmäßig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisch"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "fortin"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāmaclāū",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "कामचलाऊ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "calāū",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "चलाऊ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "joṛ-toṛ",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "जोड़-तोड़"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "improvvisato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "di fortuna"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provvisorio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "arraffazzonato"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "間に合わせの"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "仮の"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "nødløsning"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "improvisert"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prowizoryczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "improvisado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provizoriu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vrémennyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "вре́менный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "improvizírovannyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "импровизи́рованный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "self-made, not manufactured",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samodélʹnyj",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "самоде́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "sealach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisional"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "made to work or suffice",
"word": "provisorisk"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English deverbals",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English exocentric verb-noun compounds",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"3": "shift"
},
"expansion": "make + shift",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1560s. From make + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makeshifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makeshift (plural makeshifts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1592, Gabriel Harvey, “The First Letter”, in Four Letters and Certain Sonnets, new edition, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, published 1814, A Due Commendation of the Quipping Author, page 2:",
"text": "Greene the coneycatcher, of this dream the author, / For his dainty devise deserveth the halter. / A rakehell, a makeshift, a scribbling fool; / A famous bayard in city and school: / Now sick as a dog, and ever brain-sick, / Where such a raving and desperate Dick?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rogue; a shifty person."
],
"links": [
[
"rogue",
"rogue"
],
[
"shifty",
"shifty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rogue; a shifty person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make-shift"
},
{
"word": "make shift"
}
],
"word": "makeshift"
}
Download raw JSONL data for makeshift meaning in English (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.