See lying in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lying meaning in English (10.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to rest in a horizontal position",
"id": "to rest"
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"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”) + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
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],
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"ly‧ing"
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility 19",
"text": "Without shutting herself up from her family ... or lying awake the whole night to indulge meditation, Elinor found every day afforded her leisure enough to think of Edward."
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to rest in a horizontal position",
"word": "lie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”)"
],
"id": "en-lying-en-verb-zL6zFmae",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie#English:_to_rest"
],
[
"rest",
"rest#Verb"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"tags": [
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"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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"word": "lying"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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},
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"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lyings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-noun"
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],
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{
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{
"_dis": "20 11 8 30 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "deep-lying"
},
{
"word": "high-lying"
},
{
"word": "low-lying"
},
{
"word": "lying flat"
},
{
"word": "lying-in"
},
{
"word": "lying in wait"
},
{
"word": "lying panel"
},
{
"word": "take lying down"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1854, Saint Augustine, Expositions on the Book of Psalms, Psalm LXIV, translated by Philip Schaff et al.\nBut whom could the lyings in wait of the human heart escape?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of one who lies, or keeps low to the ground."
],
"id": "en-lying-en-noun-z~Lbria3",
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "makuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "makaaminen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "xacer"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (GA)"
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],
"word": "lying"
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{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
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"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
"name": "head"
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],
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to intentionally give false information",
"word": "lie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of lie (“to intentionally give false information”)"
],
"id": "en-lying-en-verb-xu3f8JD9",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie#English:_false"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
],
"tags": [
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"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
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},
"expansion": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lyings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lying (plural lyings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An act of telling a lie or falsehood."
],
"id": "en-lying-en-noun-aT-rAI8h",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"telling",
"tell#Verb"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#Noun"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kaḏib",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَذِب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"word": "valehtelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"word": "valehteleminen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
"id": "false"
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"expansion": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more lying",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "lyinger",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most lying",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "lyingest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "more",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "lying (not generally comparable, comparative more lying or lyinger, superlative most lying or lyingest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 2 26 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 11 8 30 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Charlotte Vale Allen, Mixed Emotions, Island Nation Press LLC, page 178",
"text": "“God, how you lie, skinny! You’re about the lyingest woman I’ve ever met. I’ll be damned if I’ll keep on asking questions when it’s plain as day you’re not about to give out any answers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tending to tell lies, untruthful, mendacious"
],
"id": "en-lying-en-adj-2Yq~dUhH",
"links": [
[
"untruthful",
"untruthful"
],
[
"mendacious",
"mendacious"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lye",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "lye",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a chemical liquid"
},
"expansion": "(a chemical liquid)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lye. (a chemical liquid)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
"name": "head"
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"word": "lye"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of lye"
],
"id": "en-lying-en-verb-N20QM7eg",
"links": [
[
"lye",
"lye#English"
]
],
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"past"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"4": "to rest in a horizontal position",
"id": "to rest"
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
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"name": "suffix"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
"name": "head"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility 19",
"text": "Without shutting herself up from her family ... or lying awake the whole night to indulge meditation, Elinor found every day afforded her leisure enough to think of Edward."
}
],
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{
"extra": "to rest in a horizontal position",
"word": "lie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”)"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie#English:_to_rest"
],
[
"rest",
"rest#Verb"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"tags": [
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"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "deep-lying"
},
{
"word": "high-lying"
},
{
"word": "low-lying"
},
{
"word": "lying flat"
},
{
"word": "lying-in"
},
{
"word": "lying in wait"
},
{
"word": "lying panel"
},
{
"word": "take lying down"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to rest in a horizontal position",
"id": "to rest"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lyings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lying (plural lyings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1854, Saint Augustine, Expositions on the Book of Psalms, Psalm LXIV, translated by Philip Schaff et al.\nBut whom could the lyings in wait of the human heart escape?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of one who lies, or keeps low to the ground."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "makuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "makaaminen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of keeping low to the ground",
"word": "xacer"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
"id": "false"
},
"expansion": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
"name": "head"
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to intentionally give false information",
"word": "lie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of lie (“to intentionally give false information”)"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie#English:_false"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
],
"tags": [
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"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
"id": "false"
},
"expansion": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lyings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lying (plural lyings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An act of telling a lie or falsehood."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"telling",
"tell#Verb"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#Noun"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kaḏib",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَذِب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"word": "valehtelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of telling a lie",
"word": "valehteleminen"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lie",
"3": "",
"4": "to intentionally give false information",
"id": "false"
},
"expansion": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "+ -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lie (“to intentionally give false information”) + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more lying",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "lyinger",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most lying",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "lyingest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "more",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "lying (not generally comparable, comparative more lying or lyinger, superlative most lying or lyingest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Charlotte Vale Allen, Mixed Emotions, Island Nation Press LLC, page 178",
"text": "“God, how you lie, skinny! You’re about the lyingest woman I’ve ever met. I’ll be damned if I’ll keep on asking questions when it’s plain as day you’re not about to give out any answers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tending to tell lies, untruthful, mendacious"
],
"links": [
[
"untruthful",
"untruthful"
],
[
"mendacious",
"mendacious"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lye",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "lye",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a chemical liquid"
},
"expansion": "(a chemical liquid)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"etymology_text": "lye. (a chemical liquid)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lying",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ly‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lye"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of lye"
],
"links": [
[
"lye",
"lye#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lying.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg/En-us-lying.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/En-us-lying.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lying"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.