See kanaka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "canaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: canaque\n→ English: Kanak",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ French: canaque\n→ English: Kanak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kanake",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kanake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kanake"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haw",
"3": "kanaka",
"4": "",
"5": "person"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian kanaka (“person”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*taŋata"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *taŋata",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1840. From Hawaiian kanaka (“person”), ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *taŋata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanakas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kanaka",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "kanaka"
},
"expansion": "kanaka (plural kanakas or kanaka)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Canaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Canuck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Kanak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Kanake"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 October 29, Peter Wong, “Interracial-marriage ban used in Measure 36 comparisons”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:",
"text": "It was considered one of the nation’s strictest bans because of the reference to Kanakas – native Hawaiians – and because Nevada was the only other state to add Chinese.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Mike Farris, Kanaka Blues, Savant Books and Publications, page 21:",
"text": "\"Who was the call from?\"\n\"I don't know. Sound like a kanaka though.” When Erin frowned, he added, “A Hawaiian, like me.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person of Hawaiian descent."
],
"id": "en-kanaka-en-noun-Pq~XR9gy",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Hawaiian",
"Hawaiian"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳanaḳi",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"word": "კანაკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kānākā",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"word": "कानाका"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kanák",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кана́к"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 85 2 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 90 1 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Arthur Berriedale Keith, Responsible Government in the Dominions, Volume II, page 1098:",
"text": "There remains one case to be considered, that of the deportation of the Kanakas who were introduced into Queensland for the purpose of work on the sugar plantations.[…]It was, however, felt in the south that a white Australia was essential, and the Commonwealth passed in 1901 an Act (No. 16) which arranged for the deportation of all Kanakas within a few years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, W. Somerset Maugham, “Red”, in The Trembling of a Leaf: Little Stories of the South Sea Islands, The Floating Press, published 2011, page 47:",
"text": "The Kanaka at the wheel gave him a glance, but did not speak.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1933, Cambridge History of the British Empire, Part I, Volume VII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1988, Ernest Scott (editor), Australia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 313,\nSo long as the Kanakas remained, white labour in Queensland went into the mills, from which the Kanakas were excluded, rather than into the cane brakes. Slowly, however, the change proceeded. […] The gentleman planter, owning broad estates worked by Kanaka gangs, crushing and refining his own sugar after a fashion in the plantation mill, was by that time obsolescent. Though the small farmers into whose hands the plantations were divided might employ a Kanaka or two, no Kanaka might own land."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada."
],
"id": "en-kanaka-en-noun-LaqJgX5R",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Kanaka"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kanaka"
],
"word": "kanaka"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Hawaiian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "canaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: canaque\n→ English: Kanak",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ French: canaque\n→ English: Kanak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kanake",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kanake",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kanake"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haw",
"3": "kanaka",
"4": "",
"5": "person"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian kanaka (“person”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*taŋata"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *taŋata",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1840. From Hawaiian kanaka (“person”), ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *taŋata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kanakas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kanaka",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "kanaka"
},
"expansion": "kanaka (plural kanakas or kanaka)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Canaque"
},
{
"word": "Canuck"
},
{
"word": "Kanak"
},
{
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Kanake"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 October 29, Peter Wong, “Interracial-marriage ban used in Measure 36 comparisons”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:",
"text": "It was considered one of the nation’s strictest bans because of the reference to Kanakas – native Hawaiians – and because Nevada was the only other state to add Chinese.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Mike Farris, Kanaka Blues, Savant Books and Publications, page 21:",
"text": "\"Who was the call from?\"\n\"I don't know. Sound like a kanaka though.” When Erin frowned, he added, “A Hawaiian, like me.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person of Hawaiian descent."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Hawaiian",
"Hawaiian"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Arthur Berriedale Keith, Responsible Government in the Dominions, Volume II, page 1098:",
"text": "There remains one case to be considered, that of the deportation of the Kanakas who were introduced into Queensland for the purpose of work on the sugar plantations.[…]It was, however, felt in the south that a white Australia was essential, and the Commonwealth passed in 1901 an Act (No. 16) which arranged for the deportation of all Kanakas within a few years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, W. Somerset Maugham, “Red”, in The Trembling of a Leaf: Little Stories of the South Sea Islands, The Floating Press, published 2011, page 47:",
"text": "The Kanaka at the wheel gave him a glance, but did not speak.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1933, Cambridge History of the British Empire, Part I, Volume VII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1988, Ernest Scott (editor), Australia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 313,\nSo long as the Kanakas remained, white labour in Queensland went into the mills, from which the Kanakas were excluded, rather than into the cane brakes. Slowly, however, the change proceeded. […] The gentleman planter, owning broad estates worked by Kanaka gangs, crushing and refining his own sugar after a fashion in the plantation mill, was by that time obsolescent. Though the small farmers into whose hands the plantations were divided might employ a Kanaka or two, no Kanaka might own land."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Kanaka"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳanaḳi",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"word": "კანაკი"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kānākā",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"word": "कानाका"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kanák",
"sense": "a person of Hawaiian descent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кана́к"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kanaka"
],
"word": "kanaka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kanaka meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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