See jowl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jawle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jawle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English jawle, chawl, chavel (“jaw, jawbone”), from Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”). The modern form (for expected chavel, chawl; still found dialectally) is influenced by jaw, which it is a partial doublet of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (plural jowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:",
"text": "I had lain, therefore, all that time, cheek by jowl with Blackbeard himself, with only a thin shell of tinder wood to keep him from me, and now had thrust my hand into his coffin and plucked away his beard.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw, jawbone; especially one of the lateral parts of the mandible."
],
"id": "en-jowl-en-noun-0G-Smb0o",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
],
[
"mandible",
"mandible"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tvář"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čelist"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sanice"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wang"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "alaleuka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "joue"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mâchoire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bajoue"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇ba",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "ყბა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇bis ʒvali",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "ყბის ძვალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wange"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Backe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guancia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mascella"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вилица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vilica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käke"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underkäke (mandible)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jawle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jawle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English jawle, chawl, chavel (“jaw, jawbone”), from Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”). The modern form (for expected chavel, chawl; still found dialectally) is influenced by jaw, which it is a partial doublet of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "jowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (third-person singular simple present jowls, present participle jowling, simple past and past participle jowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That skull had a tongue in it, and could sing once – how that knave [a gravedigger] throws it to the ground, as if it was the jawbone of Cain, who committed the first murder. This might have been the head of a politician, which this ass now gets the better of; one that could have talked its way around God, might it not?",
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:",
"text": "That ſkull had a tongue in it, and could ſing once, how the knave iowles it to the ground, as if twere Caines iawbone, that did the firſt murder, this might be the pate of a pollitician, which this aſſe now ore-reaches; one that would circumuent God, might it not?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw, dash, or knock."
],
"id": "en-jowl-en-verb-kcdouT1i",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"dash",
"dash"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To throw, dash, or knock."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "jowly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cheek and jowl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cheek by jowl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tooth-to-jowl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cholle",
"t": "wattle, jowl"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cholle (“wattle, jowl”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeole",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeole (“throat”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kelā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kelā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kelǭ",
"t": "gullet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kelǭ (“gullet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "choll"
},
"expansion": "Scots choll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kiel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kiel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch keel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kehle"
},
"expansion": "German Kehle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelu-",
"t": "to swallow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelu- (“to swallow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in·gilid",
"t": "to graze"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in·gilid (“to graze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "goile",
"t": "stomach"
},
"expansion": "Irish goile (“stomach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gula",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Latin gula (“throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глота́ть",
"t": "to swallow, gulp"
},
"expansion": "Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow, gulp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέλεαρ",
"t": "lure"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δέλεαρ (délear, “lure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կլանել",
"t": "I swallow"
},
"expansion": "Armenian կլանել (klanel, “I swallow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گلو",
"tr": "galu"
},
"expansion": "Persian گلو (galu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "गला",
"t": "neck, throat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गला (galā, “neck, throat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cholle (“wattle, jowl”), from Old English ċeole (“throat”), from Proto-West Germanic *kelā, from Proto-Germanic *kelǭ (“gullet”) (compare Scots choll, West Frisian kiel, Dutch keel, German Kehle), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelu- (“to swallow”) (compare Old Irish in·gilid (“to graze”), Irish goile (“stomach”), Latin gula (“throat”), gluttiō (“to swallow”), Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow, gulp”), Ancient Greek δέλεαρ (délear, “lure”), Armenian կլանել (klanel, “I swallow”), Persian گلو (galu), Hindi गला (galā, “neck, throat”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (plural jowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 42 4 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 54 6 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 13 40 5 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 13 40 5 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 63 5 11 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 57 4 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 65 6 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 61 4 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 65 6 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 62 5 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 65 6 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 68 4 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fold of fatty flesh under the chin, around the cheeks, or lower jaw (as a dewlap, wattle, crop, or double chin)."
],
"id": "en-jowl-en-noun-zQbYvcPd",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podbradek"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lalok"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"word": "leukanahka"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bajoue"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "babine"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barbada"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "loq̇a",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"word": "ლოყა"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podbradak"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "подваљак"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "podvaljak"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "papada"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cheek; especially the cheek meat of a hog."
],
"id": "en-jowl-en-noun-nNy8a3K3",
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
],
[
"hog",
"hog"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cut of fish including the head and adjacent parts"
],
"id": "en-jowl-en-noun-kll4HRXR"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chowl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "joul"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jawle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jawle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English jawle, chawl, chavel (“jaw, jawbone”), from Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”). The modern form (for expected chavel, chawl; still found dialectally) is influenced by jaw, which it is a partial doublet of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (plural jowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:",
"text": "I had lain, therefore, all that time, cheek by jowl with Blackbeard himself, with only a thin shell of tinder wood to keep him from me, and now had thrust my hand into his coffin and plucked away his beard.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw, jawbone; especially one of the lateral parts of the mandible."
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
],
[
"mandible",
"mandible"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jole"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tvář"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čelist"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sanice"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wang"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "alaleuka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "joue"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mâchoire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bajoue"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇ba",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "ყბა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇bis ʒvali",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "ყბის ძვალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wange"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Backe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guancia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mascella"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "jaw",
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вилица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vilica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käke"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underkäke (mandible)"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jawle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jawle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kafl",
"t": "jaw, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English jawle, chawl, chavel (“jaw, jawbone”), from Old English ċeafl (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-West Germanic *kafl (“jaw, cheek”). The modern form (for expected chavel, chawl; still found dialectally) is influenced by jaw, which it is a partial doublet of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "jowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (third-person singular simple present jowls, present participle jowling, simple past and past participle jowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That skull had a tongue in it, and could sing once – how that knave [a gravedigger] throws it to the ground, as if it was the jawbone of Cain, who committed the first murder. This might have been the head of a politician, which this ass now gets the better of; one that could have talked its way around God, might it not?",
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:",
"text": "That ſkull had a tongue in it, and could ſing once, how the knave iowles it to the ground, as if twere Caines iawbone, that did the firſt murder, this might be the pate of a pollitician, which this aſſe now ore-reaches; one that would circumuent God, might it not?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw, dash, or knock."
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"dash",
"dash"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To throw, dash, or knock."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jole"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "jowly"
},
{
"word": "cheek and jowl"
},
{
"word": "cheek by jowl"
},
{
"word": "tooth-to-jowl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cholle",
"t": "wattle, jowl"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cholle (“wattle, jowl”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeole",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeole (“throat”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kelā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kelā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kelǭ",
"t": "gullet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kelǭ (“gullet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "choll"
},
"expansion": "Scots choll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kiel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kiel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch keel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kehle"
},
"expansion": "German Kehle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelu-",
"t": "to swallow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelu- (“to swallow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in·gilid",
"t": "to graze"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in·gilid (“to graze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "goile",
"t": "stomach"
},
"expansion": "Irish goile (“stomach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gula",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Latin gula (“throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глота́ть",
"t": "to swallow, gulp"
},
"expansion": "Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow, gulp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέλεαρ",
"t": "lure"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δέλεαρ (délear, “lure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կլանել",
"t": "I swallow"
},
"expansion": "Armenian կլանել (klanel, “I swallow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گلو",
"tr": "galu"
},
"expansion": "Persian گلو (galu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "गला",
"t": "neck, throat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गला (galā, “neck, throat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cholle (“wattle, jowl”), from Old English ċeole (“throat”), from Proto-West Germanic *kelā, from Proto-Germanic *kelǭ (“gullet”) (compare Scots choll, West Frisian kiel, Dutch keel, German Kehle), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelu- (“to swallow”) (compare Old Irish in·gilid (“to graze”), Irish goile (“stomach”), Latin gula (“throat”), gluttiō (“to swallow”), Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow, gulp”), Ancient Greek δέλεαρ (délear, “lure”), Armenian կլանել (klanel, “I swallow”), Persian گلو (galu), Hindi गला (galā, “neck, throat”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jowl (plural jowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A fold of fatty flesh under the chin, around the cheeks, or lower jaw (as a dewlap, wattle, crop, or double chin)."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cheek; especially the cheek meat of a hog."
],
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
],
[
"hog",
"hog"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cut of fish including the head and adjacent parts"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "jōl"
},
{
"enpr": "joul"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒəʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jowl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jowl.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Joel (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"homophone": "joule (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chowl"
},
{
"word": "joul"
},
{
"word": "jole"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "joll"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podbradek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lalok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"word": "leukanahka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bajoue"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "babine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barbada"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "loq̇a",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"word": "ლოყა"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podbradak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "подваљак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "podvaljak"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fold of flesh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "papada"
}
],
"word": "jowl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jowl meaning in English (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.