"insufferable" meaning in English

See insufferable in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɪnˈsʌfəɹəb(ə)l/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /ɪnˈsʌfɹəb(ə)l/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav , En-insufferable.ogg Forms: more insufferable [comparative], most insufferable [superlative]
enPR: ĭn-sŭf'ər-ə-bəl [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Etymology: PIE word *upó From Late Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”), and then either: * from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable, souffrable (“bearable, endurable, tolerable; allowable, permissible; able to or willing to bear hardship; forbearing, long-suffering; calm, self-restrained, slow to anger; capable of suffering”) (from Anglo-Norman sufferable, souffrable, and Old French souffrable, suffrable (“sufferable, tolerable”)); or * from Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”) (now dialectal), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + souffrable, suffrable. From Old French souffrable, suffrable are derived from Medieval Latin sufferābilis, from Latin sufferre + -ābilis (suffix meaning ‘able or worthy to be’); while sufferre is the present active infinitive of sufferō, subferō (“to bear or carry under; to bear, endure, suffer, undergo”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, under’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to endure, suffer, tolerate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)). The English word is analysable as in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable. Etymology templates: {{PIE word|en|upó}} PIE word *upó, {{root|en|ine-pro|*n̥-|*bʰer-}}, {{inh|en|enm|insufferable|t=unbearably painful, intolerable}} Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”), {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{der|en|xno|sufferable}} Anglo-Norman sufferable, {{der|en|fro|souffrable}} Old French souffrable, {{der|en|fro|insouffrable|t=which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable}} Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”), {{qualifier|now dialectal}} (now dialectal), {{der|en|fro||souffrable}} Old French souffrable, {{der|en|ML.|sufferābilis}} Medieval Latin sufferābilis, {{der|en|la|sufferre}} Latin sufferre, {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{der|en|ine-pro|*bʰer-|t=to bear, carry}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”), {{prefix|en|in|sufferable|pos1=prefix meaning ‘not’}} in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable Head templates: {{en-adj}} insufferable (comparative more insufferable, superlative most insufferable)
  1. Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable. Synonyms: insupportable, unabideable, unendurable, unsufferable [archaic, obsolete], unsupportable Derived forms: insufferableness, insufferably Related terms: suffer, sufferable, unsufferable [archaic, obsolete] Translations (not sufferable — see also intolerable): ἄλαστος (álastos) (Ancient Greek), անտանելի (antaneli) (Armenian), թշվառ (tʻšvaṙ) [figuratively] (Armenian), insoportable (Asturian), dözülməz (Azerbaijani), непоносим (neponosim) (Bulgarian), нетърпим (netǎrpim) (Bulgarian), insuportable (Catalan), intolerable (Catalan), 難以忍受的 (Chinese Mandarin), 难以忍受的 (nányǐrěnshòu de) (Chinese Mandarin), nesnesitelný [masculine] (Czech), bij de beesten af (Dutch), bij de konijnen af (Dutch), onbestaanbaar (Dutch), onduldbaar (Dutch), ontoelaatbaar (Dutch), sietämätön (Finnish), insupportable (French), haïssable [Quebec] (French), intolérable (French), insufríbel (Galician), აუტანელი (auṭaneli) (Georgian), unausstehlich (German), unerträglich [neuter] (German), untragbar (German), ανυπόφορος (anypóforos) (Greek), αβάσταχτος (avástachtos) (Greek), दंभी (dambhī) (Hindi), lehetetlen (Hungarian), ólíðandi (note: of a person) (Icelandic), insoffribile (Italian), insopportabile (Italian), intollerabile (Italian), impetibilis (Latin), intolerāns (Latin), abúojas (Lithuanian), neuhurransagh (Manx), nieznośny [masculine] (Polish), insuportável (Portuguese), intolerável (Portuguese), insuportabil (Romanian), nerăbdabil (Romanian), nesuferibil (Romanian), nesuportabil (Romanian), невыноси́мый (nevynosímyj) (Russian), do-ghiùlan (Scottish Gaelic), неподно̀шљив [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), nepodnòšljiv [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), insufrible (Spanish), insoportable (Spanish), odräglig (Swedish), เหลืออด (lʉ̌ʉa-òt) (Thai), เหลือทน (lʉ̌ʉa-ton) (Thai), несте́рпний (nestérpnyj) (Ukrainian), bất kham [rare] (Vietnamese), bất nhẫn [archaic, rare] (Vietnamese), không thể chịu đựng được (Vietnamese)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "upó"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *upó",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-",
        "4": "*bʰer-"
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      "name": "root"
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "insufferable",
        "t": "unbearably painful, intolerable"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "sufferable"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman sufferable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "souffrable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French souffrable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "insouffrable",
        "t": "which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "now dialectal"
      },
      "expansion": "(now dialectal)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "souffrable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French souffrable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "sufferābilis"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin sufferābilis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sufferre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sufferre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
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      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-",
        "t": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "in",
        "3": "sufferable",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘not’"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *upó\nFrom Late Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”), and then either:\n* from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable, souffrable (“bearable, endurable, tolerable; allowable, permissible; able to or willing to bear hardship; forbearing, long-suffering; calm, self-restrained, slow to anger; capable of suffering”) (from Anglo-Norman sufferable, souffrable, and Old French souffrable, suffrable (“sufferable, tolerable”)); or\n* from Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”) (now dialectal), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + souffrable, suffrable.\nFrom Old French souffrable, suffrable are derived from Medieval Latin sufferābilis, from Latin sufferre + -ābilis (suffix meaning ‘able or worthy to be’); while sufferre is the present active infinitive of sufferō, subferō (“to bear or carry under; to bear, endure, suffer, undergo”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, under’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to endure, suffer, tolerate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)). The English word is analysable as in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more insufferable",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most insufferable",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "insufferable (comparative more insufferable, superlative most insufferable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "in‧suf‧fer‧a‧ble"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
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        {
          "word": "abideable"
        },
        {
          "word": "bearable"
        },
        {
          "word": "endurable"
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        {
          "word": "sufferable"
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        {
          "word": "supportable"
        },
        {
          "word": "tolerable"
        }
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            "Entry maintenance"
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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "insufferableness"
        },
        {
          "word": "insufferably"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, W. Bowles, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 76:",
          "text": "No, his good Meen, his Youth, and blooming Face / Tempt him to think, that vvith a better grace / Himſelf might ſit, and thou ſupply his place. / Behold there yet remains, vvhich muſt be born, / Proud Servants more inſufferable Scorn.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1712 July 23 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “SATURDAY, July 12, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 429; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 120:",
          "text": "She is sensible that a vain person is the most insufferable creature living in a well-bred assembly.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1794, Jane Austen, “[Lady Susan.] XXII. Lady Susan to Mrs. Johnson.”, in J[ames] E[dward] Austen[-]Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen: […] to which is Added Lady Susan and Fragments of Two Other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen, 2nd edition, London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], published 1871, →OCLC, page 249:",
          "text": "This is insufferable! My dearest friend, I was never so enraged before, and must relieve myself by writing to you, who I know will enter into all my feelings.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 108:",
          "text": "\"She had better have stayed at home,\" cried Elizabeth; \"perhaps she meant well, but, under such a misfortune as this, one cannot see too little of one's neighbours. Assistance is impossible; condolence, insufferable. Let them triumph over us at a distance, and be satisfied.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1827, [John Keble], “The Conversion of St. Paul”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, pages 111–112:",
          "text": "He heard and saw, and sought to free / His strain'd eye from the sight: / But Heaven's high magic bound it there, / Still gazing, though untaught to bear / Th' insufferable light.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, Henry James, “The Coxon Fund. Chapter IV.”, in Terminations […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, published 1895, →OCLC, page 80:",
          "text": "It was of course familiar to me that Saltram was incapable of keeping the engagements which, after their separation, he had entered into with regard to his wife, a deeply wronged, justly resentful, quite irreproachable and insufferable person.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1913 October, Edith Wharton, chapter XIII, in The Custom of the Country, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 173:",
          "text": "That the illumination should have been kindled by his cousin's husband was not precisely agreeable to Marvell, who thought Peter a bore in society and an insufferable nuisance on closer terms.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011 June 7, “Chaos in Syria: Are Army Deserters Helping to Arm the Opposition?”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Warner Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-09-11:",
          "text": "The oppressive heat has become insufferable in Syria – and as the temperature climbs, emotions get harder to contain.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 December 31, Anthony Cummins, quoting Nell Zink, “Nell Zink: ‘Guys who like Kafka are insufferable’”, in the Guardian:",
          "text": "It became clear to me: guys who like Kafka—it’s never women—are insufferable.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable."
      ],
      "id": "en-insufferable-en-adj--7C6UMXU",
      "links": [
        [
          "sufferable",
          "sufferable"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "impossible",
          "impossible#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ],
        [
          "intolerable",
          "intolerable"
        ],
        [
          "unbearable",
          "unbearable"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "suffer"
        },
        {
          "word": "sufferable"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "unsufferable"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "insupportable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unabideable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unendurable"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "unsufferable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unsupportable"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "antaneli",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "անտանելի"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "tʻšvaṙ",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "թշվառ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insoportable"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "dözülməz"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "neponosim",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "непоносим"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "netǎrpim",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "нетърпим"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insuportable"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "intolerable"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "難以忍受的"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "nányǐrěnshòu de",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "难以忍受的"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nesnesitelný"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "bij de beesten af"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "bij de konijnen af"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "onbestaanbaar"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "onduldbaar"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "ontoelaatbaar"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "sietämätön"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insupportable"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "Quebec"
          ],
          "word": "haïssable"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "intolérable"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insufríbel"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "auṭaneli",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "აუტანელი"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "unausstehlich"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "unerträglich"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "untragbar"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "anypóforos",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "ανυπόφορος"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "avástachtos",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "αβάσταχτος"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "álastos",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "ἄλαστος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "dambhī",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "दंभी"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "lehetetlen"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "note": "of a person",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "ólíðandi"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insoffribile"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insopportabile"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "intollerabile"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "impetibilis"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "intolerāns"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "abúojas"
        },
        {
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "neuhurransagh"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nieznośny"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insuportável"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "intolerável"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insuportabil"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "nerăbdabil"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "nesuferibil"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "nesuportabil"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nevynosímyj",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "невыноси́мый"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "do-ghiùlan"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "неподно̀шљив"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "nepodnòšljiv"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insufrible"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "insoportable"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "odräglig"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "lʉ̌ʉa-òt",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "เหลืออด"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "lʉ̌ʉa-ton",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "เหลือทน"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nestérpnyj",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "несте́рпний"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "bất kham"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "tags": [
            "archaic",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "bất nhẫn"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
          "word": "không thể chịu đựng được"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "ĭn-sŭf'ər-ə-bəl",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪnˈsʌfəɹəb(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪnˈsʌfɹəb(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-insufferable.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-insufferable.ogg/En-insufferable.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-insufferable.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "insufferable"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "insufferableness"
    },
    {
      "word": "insufferably"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "upó"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *upó",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-",
        "4": "*bʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "insufferable",
        "t": "unbearably painful, intolerable"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "sufferable"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman sufferable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "souffrable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French souffrable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "insouffrable",
        "t": "which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "now dialectal"
      },
      "expansion": "(now dialectal)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "souffrable"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French souffrable",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "sufferābilis"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin sufferābilis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sufferre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sufferre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-",
        "t": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "in",
        "3": "sufferable",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘not’"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *upó\nFrom Late Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”), and then either:\n* from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable, souffrable (“bearable, endurable, tolerable; allowable, permissible; able to or willing to bear hardship; forbearing, long-suffering; calm, self-restrained, slow to anger; capable of suffering”) (from Anglo-Norman sufferable, souffrable, and Old French souffrable, suffrable (“sufferable, tolerable”)); or\n* from Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”) (now dialectal), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + souffrable, suffrable.\nFrom Old French souffrable, suffrable are derived from Medieval Latin sufferābilis, from Latin sufferre + -ābilis (suffix meaning ‘able or worthy to be’); while sufferre is the present active infinitive of sufferō, subferō (“to bear or carry under; to bear, endure, suffer, undergo”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, under’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to endure, suffer, tolerate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)). The English word is analysable as in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more insufferable",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most insufferable",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "insufferable (comparative more insufferable, superlative most insufferable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "in‧suf‧fer‧a‧ble"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "suffer"
    },
    {
      "word": "sufferable"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "unsufferable"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "abideable"
        },
        {
          "word": "bearable"
        },
        {
          "word": "endurable"
        },
        {
          "word": "sufferable"
        },
        {
          "word": "supportable"
        },
        {
          "word": "tolerable"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English adjectives",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Old French",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *n̥-",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upó",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "English terms prefixed with in-",
        "English terms suffixed with -able",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
        "Terms with Armenian translations",
        "Terms with Asturian translations",
        "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Catalan translations",
        "Terms with Czech translations",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Galician translations",
        "Terms with Georgian translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Greek translations",
        "Terms with Hindi translations",
        "Terms with Hungarian translations",
        "Terms with Icelandic translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Latin translations",
        "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Manx translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Romanian translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
        "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations",
        "Terms with Thai translations",
        "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
        "Terms with Vietnamese translations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, W. Bowles, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 76:",
          "text": "No, his good Meen, his Youth, and blooming Face / Tempt him to think, that vvith a better grace / Himſelf might ſit, and thou ſupply his place. / Behold there yet remains, vvhich muſt be born, / Proud Servants more inſufferable Scorn.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1712 July 23 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “SATURDAY, July 12, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 429; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 120:",
          "text": "She is sensible that a vain person is the most insufferable creature living in a well-bred assembly.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1794, Jane Austen, “[Lady Susan.] XXII. Lady Susan to Mrs. Johnson.”, in J[ames] E[dward] Austen[-]Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen: […] to which is Added Lady Susan and Fragments of Two Other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen, 2nd edition, London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], published 1871, →OCLC, page 249:",
          "text": "This is insufferable! My dearest friend, I was never so enraged before, and must relieve myself by writing to you, who I know will enter into all my feelings.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 108:",
          "text": "\"She had better have stayed at home,\" cried Elizabeth; \"perhaps she meant well, but, under such a misfortune as this, one cannot see too little of one's neighbours. Assistance is impossible; condolence, insufferable. Let them triumph over us at a distance, and be satisfied.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1827, [John Keble], “The Conversion of St. Paul”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, pages 111–112:",
          "text": "He heard and saw, and sought to free / His strain'd eye from the sight: / But Heaven's high magic bound it there, / Still gazing, though untaught to bear / Th' insufferable light.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, Henry James, “The Coxon Fund. Chapter IV.”, in Terminations […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, published 1895, →OCLC, page 80:",
          "text": "It was of course familiar to me that Saltram was incapable of keeping the engagements which, after their separation, he had entered into with regard to his wife, a deeply wronged, justly resentful, quite irreproachable and insufferable person.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1913 October, Edith Wharton, chapter XIII, in The Custom of the Country, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 173:",
          "text": "That the illumination should have been kindled by his cousin's husband was not precisely agreeable to Marvell, who thought Peter a bore in society and an insufferable nuisance on closer terms.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011 June 7, “Chaos in Syria: Are Army Deserters Helping to Arm the Opposition?”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Warner Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-09-11:",
          "text": "The oppressive heat has become insufferable in Syria – and as the temperature climbs, emotions get harder to contain.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 December 31, Anthony Cummins, quoting Nell Zink, “Nell Zink: ‘Guys who like Kafka are insufferable’”, in the Guardian:",
          "text": "It became clear to me: guys who like Kafka—it’s never women—are insufferable.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sufferable",
          "sufferable"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "impossible",
          "impossible#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ],
        [
          "intolerable",
          "intolerable"
        ],
        [
          "unbearable",
          "unbearable"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "insupportable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unabideable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unendurable"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "unsufferable"
        },
        {
          "word": "unsupportable"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "ĭn-sŭf'ər-ə-bəl",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪnˈsʌfəɹəb(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪnˈsʌfɹəb(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-insufferable.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-insufferable.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-insufferable.ogg/En-insufferable.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-insufferable.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "antaneli",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "անտանելի"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "tʻšvaṙ",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "թշվառ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insoportable"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "dözülməz"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "neponosim",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "непоносим"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "netǎrpim",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "нетърпим"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insuportable"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "intolerable"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "難以忍受的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "nányǐrěnshòu de",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "难以忍受的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nesnesitelný"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "bij de beesten af"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "bij de konijnen af"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "onbestaanbaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "onduldbaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "ontoelaatbaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "sietämätön"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insupportable"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "Quebec"
      ],
      "word": "haïssable"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "intolérable"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insufríbel"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "auṭaneli",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "აუტანელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "unausstehlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "unerträglich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "untragbar"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "anypóforos",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "ανυπόφορος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "avástachtos",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "αβάσταχτος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "álastos",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "ἄλαστος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "dambhī",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "दंभी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "lehetetlen"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "note": "of a person",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "ólíðandi"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insoffribile"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insopportabile"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "intollerabile"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "impetibilis"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "intolerāns"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "abúojas"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "neuhurransagh"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nieznośny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insuportável"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "intolerável"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insuportabil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "nerăbdabil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "nesuferibil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "nesuportabil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nevynosímyj",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "невыноси́мый"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "do-ghiùlan"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "неподно̀шљив"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "nepodnòšljiv"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insufrible"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "insoportable"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "odräglig"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lʉ̌ʉa-òt",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "เหลืออด"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lʉ̌ʉa-ton",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "เหลือทน"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nestérpnyj",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "несте́рпний"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "bất kham"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "bất nhẫn"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "not sufferable — see also intolerable",
      "word": "không thể chịu đựng được"
    }
  ],
  "word": "insufferable"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.