"hijra" meaning in English

See hijra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hijra.wav Forms: hijras [plural]
Etymology: From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|hi|हीजड़ा}} Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā) Head templates: {{en-noun}} hijra (plural hijras)
  1. A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman.
    Sense id: en-hijra-en-noun-g3J-KxN9 Categories (other): Terms with Armenian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 19 23 7 28 23
  2. A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan. Categories (topical): Gender, Male people, Transgender Translations (third gender): হিজড়া (hijoṛa) (Bengali), hijra (Finnish), hidžra (Finnish), Hijra (German), हीजड़ा (hījṛā) (Hindi), ヒジュラー (hijurā) (Japanese), ひじゅらー (Japanese), ਹੀਜੜਾ (hījṛā) [masculine] (Punjabi), ਖੁਸਰਾ (khusrā) [masculine] (Punjabi), хи́джра (xídžra) [feminine] (Russian), திருநங்கை (tirunaṅkai) (Tamil), ہیجڑا (hījṛā) (Urdu), خواجہ سرا (xājā sarā) (Urdu)
    Sense id: en-hijra-en-noun-DbyxpZBR Disambiguation of Gender: 33 61 3 0 2 Disambiguation of Male people: 29 51 1 9 8 Disambiguation of Transgender: 20 50 3 16 10 Categories (other): Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Punjabi translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Tamil translations, Terms with Urdu translations Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 19 23 7 28 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Punjabi translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Tamil translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of 'third gender': 21 79
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hejra, hijada, hijara, hijrah Related terms: zenana
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hijra.wav Forms: hijras [plural]
Etymology: From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|ar|هِجْرَة|t=departure, exodus}} Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”), {{doublet|en|hegira}} Doublet of hegira Head templates: {{en-noun}} hijra (plural hijras)
  1. Alternative letter-case form of Hijra Tags: alt-of Alternative form of: Hijra
    Sense id: en-hijra-en-noun-XREzQP-w
  2. Any similar flight or emigration to a better place. Translations (any flight to a better place): هِجْرَة (hijra) [feminine] (Arabic), հիջրա (hiǰra) (Armenian), hijra (Finnish), hidžra (Finnish), hégira [feminine] (Portuguese), hicret (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-hijra-en-noun-QzkTfwC5 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 25 6 41 24 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 6 28 5 42 19 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 7 26 5 45 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 24 2 42 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 14 22 7 34 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 19 23 7 28 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 13 23 8 33 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 16 21 12 29 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 15 22 7 31 24 Disambiguation of 'any flight to a better place': 3 83 14
  3. (Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one. Categories (topical): Islam
    Sense id: en-hijra-en-noun-hM1PHeA- Categories (other): Terms with Armenian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 19 23 7 28 23 Topics: Islam, lifestyle, religion
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hijrah
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hi",
        "3": "हीजड़ा"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "hijras",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
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        {
          "ref": "1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 172:",
          "text": "When the Mughal court was disbanded, Muslim hijras were exposed for the first time to the other, Hindu, tradition of eunuchry.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman."
      ],
      "id": "en-hijra-en-noun-g3J-KxN9",
      "links": [
        [
          "eunuch",
          "eunuch"
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          "_dis": "39 61",
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          "_dis": "19 81",
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          "_dis": "31 69",
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          "_dis": "18 82",
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          "_dis": "18 82",
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          "_dis": "40 60",
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          "_dis": "34 66",
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          "_dis": "33 61 3 0 2",
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          "name": "Gender",
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          "_dis": "29 51 1 9 8",
          "kind": "topical",
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          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 50 3 16 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Transgender",
          "orig": "en:Transgender",
          "parents": [
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            "LGBTQ",
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            "Sociology",
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            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1995, Gayatri Reddy, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, & Culture) https://web.archive.org/web/20070529055321/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16479.ctl",
          "text": "The subjects of this study are hijras or the \"third sex\" of India, individuals who occupy a unique, liminal space between male and female, sacred and profane."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India, →ISBN, page 111:",
          "text": "Even more surprisingly, there are female hijras, women who were born women, who are drawn into the gharanas by the attraction and apparent safety of the hierarchies' substitute for family life.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Raymond A. Smith, Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism, →ISBN, page 208:",
          "text": "While videographers were shooting him as he sat on the floor among a group of male and female sex workers, two transgender (male-to-female) hijras came to sit next to him, one on either side.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, →ISBN, page 280:",
          "text": "Nanda profiles […] an uncastrated hijra who is married to a man and has an adopted son; and a hermaphrodite hijra […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
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      "id": "en-hijra-en-noun-DbyxpZBR",
      "links": [
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          "intersex",
          "intersex"
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          "third gender",
          "third gender"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "hijoṛa",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "হিজড়া"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "hijra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "hidžra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "Hijra"
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          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "hījṛā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "हीजड़ा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hijurā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "ヒジュラー"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "ひじゅらー"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "hījṛā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ਹੀਜੜਾ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "khusrā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ਖੁਸਰਾ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xídžra",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "хи́джра"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "tirunaṅkai",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "திருநங்கை"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "hījṛā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "ہیجڑا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 79",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "xājā sarā",
          "sense": "third gender",
          "word": "خواجہ سرا"
        }
      ]
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      "ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
    },
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hejra"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hijada"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hijara"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hijrah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Hijra (South Asia)"
  ],
  "word": "hijra"
}

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        "2": "ar",
        "3": "هِجْرَة",
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          "code": "ar",
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          "word": "هِجْرَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 83 14",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hiǰra",
          "sense": "any flight to a better place",
          "word": "հիջրա"
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          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any flight to a better place",
          "word": "hijra"
        },
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          "_dis1": "3 83 14",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any flight to a better place",
          "word": "hidžra"
        },
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          "_dis1": "3 83 14",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "any flight to a better place",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "hégira"
        },
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          "_dis1": "3 83 14",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "any flight to a better place",
          "word": "hicret"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "ref": "2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17:",
          "text": "Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
      ],
      "id": "en-hijra-en-noun-hM1PHeA-",
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          "Emigration"
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          "non-Muslim",
          "non-Muslim"
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        [
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          "country"
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        [
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          "Muslim"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
      ],
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        "Islam",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hijrah"
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  "word": "hijra"
}
{
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    "Terms with Hindi translations",
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    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Punjabi translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Tamil translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
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  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "hi",
        "3": "हीजड़ा"
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      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hijras",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "zenana"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 172:",
          "text": "When the Mughal court was disbanded, Muslim hijras were exposed for the first time to the other, Hindu, tradition of eunuchry.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eunuch",
          "eunuch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1995, Gayatri Reddy, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, & Culture) https://web.archive.org/web/20070529055321/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16479.ctl",
          "text": "The subjects of this study are hijras or the \"third sex\" of India, individuals who occupy a unique, liminal space between male and female, sacred and profane."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India, →ISBN, page 111:",
          "text": "Even more surprisingly, there are female hijras, women who were born women, who are drawn into the gharanas by the attraction and apparent safety of the hierarchies' substitute for family life.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Raymond A. Smith, Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism, →ISBN, page 208:",
          "text": "While videographers were shooting him as he sat on the floor among a group of male and female sex workers, two transgender (male-to-female) hijras came to sit next to him, one on either side.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, →ISBN, page 280:",
          "text": "Nanda profiles […] an uncastrated hijra who is married to a man and has an adopted son; and a hermaphrodite hijra […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intersex",
          "intersex"
        ],
        [
          "third gender",
          "third gender"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hijra.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hejra"
    },
    {
      "word": "hijada"
    },
    {
      "word": "hijara"
    },
    {
      "word": "hijrah"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "hijoṛa",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "হিজড়া"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "hijra"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "hidžra"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "Hijra"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "hījṛā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "हीजड़ा"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hijurā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "ヒジュラー"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "ひじゅらー"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "hījṛā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ਹੀਜੜਾ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "khusrā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ਖੁਸਰਾ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xídžra",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "хи́джра"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "tirunaṅkai",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "திருநங்கை"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "hījṛā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "ہیجڑا"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "xājā sarā",
      "sense": "third gender",
      "word": "خواجہ سرا"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Hijra (South Asia)"
  ],
  "word": "hijra"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Gender",
    "en:Male people",
    "en:Transgender"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "هِجْرَة",
        "t": "departure, exodus"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hegira"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of hegira",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hijras",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "Hijra"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative letter-case form of Hijra"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hijra",
          "Hijra#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any similar flight or emigration to a better place."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "flight",
          "flight"
        ],
        [
          "emigration",
          "emigration"
        ],
        [
          "better",
          "better"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Islam"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17:",
          "text": "Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Emigration",
          "Emigration"
        ],
        [
          "non-Muslim",
          "non-Muslim"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Muslim",
          "Muslim"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Islam",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hijra.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hijra.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hijrah"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "hijra",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "هِجْرَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hiǰra",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "word": "հիջրա"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "word": "hijra"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "word": "hidžra"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hégira"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "any flight to a better place",
      "word": "hicret"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hijra"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hijra meaning in English (8.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.