See hijra on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hijra meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "हीजड़ा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hijras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zenana"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 13 1 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 17 4 11 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gender",
"orig": "en:Gender",
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"Psychology",
"Sociology",
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},
{
"_dis": "50 32 2 8 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "en:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
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"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 17 3 12 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Transgender",
"orig": "en:Transgender",
"parents": [
"Gender",
"LGBT",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Sexuality",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
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"Sex",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Human",
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"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 172",
"text": "When the Mughal court was disbanded, Muslim hijras were exposed for the first time to the other, Hindu, tradition of eunuchry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman."
],
"id": "en-hijra-en-noun-g3J-KxN9",
"links": [
[
"eunuch",
"eunuch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Gayatri Reddy, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, & Culture) https://web.archive.org/web/20070529055321/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16479.ctl",
"text": "The subjects of this study are hijras or the \"third sex\" of India, individuals who occupy a unique, liminal space between male and female, sacred and profane."
},
{
"ref": "2011, AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India, page 111",
"text": "Even more surprisingly, there are female hijras, women who were born women, who are drawn into the gharanas by the attraction and apparent safety of the hierarchies' substitute for family life.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Raymond A. Smith, Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism, page 208",
"text": "While videographers were shooting him as he sat on the floor among a group of male and female sex workers, two transgender (male-to-female) hijras came to sit next to him, one on either side.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, page 280",
"text": "Nanda profiles […] an uncastrated hijra who is married to a man and has an adopted son; and a hermaphrodite hijra […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan."
],
"id": "en-hijra-en-noun-DbyxpZBR",
"links": [
[
"intersex",
"intersex"
],
[
"third gender",
"third gender"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "hijoṛa",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "হিজড়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "hijra"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "hidžra"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "Hijra"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "हीजड़ा"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hijurā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ヒジュラー"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ひじゅらー"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਹੀਜੜਾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "khusrā",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਖੁਸਰਾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xídžra",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́джра"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tirunaṅkai",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "திருநங்கை"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ہیجڑا"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xājā sarā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "خواجہ سرا"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hejra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hijada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hijara"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hijrah"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hijra (South Asia)"
],
"word": "hijra"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "هِجْرَة",
"t": "departure, exodus"
},
"expansion": "Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hegira"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of hegira",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hijras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Hijra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative letter-case form of Hijra"
],
"id": "en-hijra-en-noun-XREzQP-w",
"links": [
[
"Hijra",
"Hijra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any similar flight or emigration to a better place."
],
"id": "en-hijra-en-noun-QzkTfwC5",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"flight",
"flight"
],
[
"emigration",
"emigration"
],
[
"better",
"better"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hijra",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hiǰra",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "հիջրա"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hijra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hidžra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hégira"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hicret"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "en:Islam",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17",
"text": "Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
],
"id": "en-hijra-en-noun-hM1PHeA-",
"links": [
[
"Emigration",
"Emigration"
],
[
"non-Muslim",
"non-Muslim"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hijrah"
}
],
"word": "hijra"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Arabic",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"en:Gender",
"en:Male people",
"en:Transgender"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "हीजड़ा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hijras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "zenana"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 172",
"text": "When the Mughal court was disbanded, Muslim hijras were exposed for the first time to the other, Hindu, tradition of eunuchry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman."
],
"links": [
[
"eunuch",
"eunuch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Gayatri Reddy, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, & Culture) https://web.archive.org/web/20070529055321/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16479.ctl",
"text": "The subjects of this study are hijras or the \"third sex\" of India, individuals who occupy a unique, liminal space between male and female, sacred and profane."
},
{
"ref": "2011, AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India, page 111",
"text": "Even more surprisingly, there are female hijras, women who were born women, who are drawn into the gharanas by the attraction and apparent safety of the hierarchies' substitute for family life.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Raymond A. Smith, Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism, page 208",
"text": "While videographers were shooting him as he sat on the floor among a group of male and female sex workers, two transgender (male-to-female) hijras came to sit next to him, one on either side.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, page 280",
"text": "Nanda profiles […] an uncastrated hijra who is married to a man and has an adopted son; and a hermaphrodite hijra […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan."
],
"links": [
[
"intersex",
"intersex"
],
[
"third gender",
"third gender"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hejra"
},
{
"word": "hijada"
},
{
"word": "hijara"
},
{
"word": "hijrah"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "hijoṛa",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "হিজড়া"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "hijra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "hidžra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "Hijra"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "हीजड़ा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hijurā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ヒジュラー"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ひじゅらー"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਹੀਜੜਾ"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "khusrā",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਖੁਸਰਾ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xídžra",
"sense": "third gender",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́джра"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tirunaṅkai",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "திருநங்கை"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hījṛā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "ہیجڑا"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xājā sarā",
"sense": "third gender",
"word": "خواجہ سرا"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hijra (South Asia)"
],
"word": "hijra"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"en:Gender",
"en:Male people",
"en:Transgender"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "هِجْرَة",
"t": "departure, exodus"
},
"expansion": "Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hegira"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of hegira",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hijras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hijra (plural hijras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Hijra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative letter-case form of Hijra"
],
"links": [
[
"Hijra",
"Hijra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any similar flight or emigration to a better place."
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"flight",
"flight"
],
[
"emigration",
"emigration"
],
[
"better",
"better"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Islam"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17",
"text": "Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
],
"links": [
[
"Emigration",
"Emigration"
],
[
"non-Muslim",
"non-Muslim"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one."
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hijrah"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hijra",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hiǰra",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "հիջրա"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hijra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hidžra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hégira"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any flight to a better place",
"word": "hicret"
}
],
"word": "hijra"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.