See flue in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for flue meaning in English (10.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flewe",
"t": "mouthpiece of a hunting horn"
},
"expansion": "flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*flews"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *flews",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "flēwsa",
"t": "a flow, flowing, flux"
},
"expansion": "Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "floute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English floute",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleute"
},
"expansion": "fleute",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flote",
"t": "a pipe"
},
"expansion": "flote (“a pipe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flute"
},
"expansion": "English flute",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vloegh",
"t": "groove, channel, flute of a fluted column"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vloegh (“groove, channel, flute of a fluted column”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flue, flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a back-formation from Middle English *flews (mistaken as a plural), from Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”). Alternatively, perhaps an alteration of Middle English floute, fleute, flote (“a pipe”), see English flute. Compare also Middle Dutch vloegh (“groove, channel, flute of a fluted column”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flue (plural flues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "balanced flue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flue-faker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flue gas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flue pipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hot-flue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "open flue"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1815, Robertson Buchanan, A Treatise on the Economy of Fuel, and Management of Heat, Especially as it Relates to Heating and Drying by Means of Steam, Appendix, p. 307.",
"text": "It has frequently been a subject of inquiry, whether the ancients were acquainted with chimneys, or open fire-places. In the houses discovered at Herculaneum and Pompeii, there are no chimneys; they all appear to have been warmed by furnaces and flues.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341",
"text": "Besides the usual run of machines, planers, millers, automatics, centre lathes, cranes, etc., there were several power stations, the rolling mills for strip material and for 60 ft. rails, and all the steel furnaces with their complicated systems of flues. If variety is the spice of life, then there was plenty here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pipe or duct that carries gaseous combustion products away from the point of combustion (such as a furnace)."
],
"id": "en-flue-en-noun-hZWtbQyR",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"duct",
"duct"
],
[
"gaseous",
"gaseous"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "möryə",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "мөрйә"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dimootvod",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "димоотвод"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "canó"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumeral"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "røgrør"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "savukanava"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "hormi"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "savuhormi"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "conduit"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dunstabzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rauchabzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "canna fumaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "tubo di scarico"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "condotta"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scarico"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vula",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вула"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dymoxód",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дымохо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žarovája trubá",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жарова́я труба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "sulundar",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сулундар"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "sulunar",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сулунар"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 10 2 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubo"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An enclosed passageway in which to direct air or other gaseous current along."
],
"id": "en-flue-en-noun-0FMaYi0Q",
"links": [
[
"enclosed",
"enclosed"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 77 10 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "canó"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 77 10 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"word": "kanava"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 77 10 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"word": "putki"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 77 10 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "conduit"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A woolly or downy substance; down, nap; a piece of this."
],
"id": "en-flue-en-noun-cSQB92Oj",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"nap",
"nap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable and uncountable) A woolly or downy substance; down, nap; a piece of this."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 17 2 4 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an organ flue pipe, the opening between the lower lip and the languet."
],
"id": "en-flue-en-noun-n6JorL9K",
"links": [
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"flue pipe",
"flue pipe"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"lip",
"lip"
],
[
"languet",
"languet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fljuː/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "flew"
},
{
"homophone": "flu"
}
],
"word": "flue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "more flue",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most flue",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flue (comparative more flue, superlative most flue)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "shallow, flat",
"word": "flew"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of flew (“shallow, flat”)"
],
"id": "en-flue-en-adj-LfNlyUxo",
"links": [
[
"flew",
"flew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) Alternative form of flew (“shallow, flat”)"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fljuː/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "flew"
},
{
"homophone": "flu"
}
],
"word": "flue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flewe",
"t": "mouthpiece of a hunting horn"
},
"expansion": "flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*flews"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *flews",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "flēwsa",
"t": "a flow, flowing, flux"
},
"expansion": "Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "floute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English floute",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleute"
},
"expansion": "fleute",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flote",
"t": "a pipe"
},
"expansion": "flote (“a pipe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flute"
},
"expansion": "English flute",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vloegh",
"t": "groove, channel, flute of a fluted column"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vloegh (“groove, channel, flute of a fluted column”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flue, flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a back-formation from Middle English *flews (mistaken as a plural), from Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”). Alternatively, perhaps an alteration of Middle English floute, fleute, flote (“a pipe”), see English flute. Compare also Middle Dutch vloegh (“groove, channel, flute of a fluted column”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flue (plural flues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "balanced flue"
},
{
"word": "flue-faker"
},
{
"word": "flue gas"
},
{
"word": "flue pipe"
},
{
"word": "hot-flue"
},
{
"word": "open flue"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1815, Robertson Buchanan, A Treatise on the Economy of Fuel, and Management of Heat, Especially as it Relates to Heating and Drying by Means of Steam, Appendix, p. 307.",
"text": "It has frequently been a subject of inquiry, whether the ancients were acquainted with chimneys, or open fire-places. In the houses discovered at Herculaneum and Pompeii, there are no chimneys; they all appear to have been warmed by furnaces and flues.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341",
"text": "Besides the usual run of machines, planers, millers, automatics, centre lathes, cranes, etc., there were several power stations, the rolling mills for strip material and for 60 ft. rails, and all the steel furnaces with their complicated systems of flues. If variety is the spice of life, then there was plenty here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pipe or duct that carries gaseous combustion products away from the point of combustion (such as a furnace)."
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"duct",
"duct"
],
[
"gaseous",
"gaseous"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An enclosed passageway in which to direct air or other gaseous current along."
],
"links": [
[
"enclosed",
"enclosed"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A woolly or downy substance; down, nap; a piece of this."
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"nap",
"nap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable and uncountable) A woolly or downy substance; down, nap; a piece of this."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In an organ flue pipe, the opening between the lower lip and the languet."
],
"links": [
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"flue pipe",
"flue pipe"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"lip",
"lip"
],
[
"languet",
"languet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fljuː/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "flew"
},
{
"homophone": "flu"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "möryə",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "мөрйә"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dimootvod",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "димоотвод"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "canó"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumeral"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "røgrør"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "savukanava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "hormi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "savuhormi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "conduit"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiro"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abzug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dunstabzug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rauchabzug"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "canna fumaria"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"word": "tubo di scarico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "condotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scarico"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vula",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вула"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dymoxód",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дымохо́д"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žarovája trubá",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жарова́я труба́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "sulundar",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сулундар"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "sulunar",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сулунар"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pipe that carries gaseous combustion products away from their origin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubo"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "canó"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"word": "kanava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"word": "putki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "enclosed passageway for a gas",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "conduit"
}
],
"word": "flue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "more flue",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most flue",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flue (comparative more flue, superlative most flue)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "shallow, flat",
"word": "flew"
}
],
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of flew (“shallow, flat”)"
],
"links": [
[
"flew",
"flew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) Alternative form of flew (“shallow, flat”)"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fljuː/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "flew"
},
{
"homophone": "flu"
}
],
"word": "flue"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.