"cortisol" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "anticortisol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cortisolemia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "deoxycortisol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "epicortisol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hypocortisolism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tixocortol"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "cortisone",
        "4": "-ol",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.\nEnglish cortico-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nGerman Ketonbor.\nEnglish ketone\nEnglish -one\nEnglish -sterone\nEnglish corticosterone\nEnglish cortisone\nEnglish -ol\nEnglish cortisol\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ker-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)kert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)kort-ek-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cortex\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortico-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"biochemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"biochemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cholesterol\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cholesterol\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bile\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bile\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"green\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵʰelh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kʰolā́\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"χολή\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"firm\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"barren\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ster-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στερεός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cholestérine\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cholestérol\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cholesterol\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sterol\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"chemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Keton\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ketone\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-one\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-sterone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"corticosterone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortisone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ol\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortisol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cortisol\">\nFrom cortisone + -ol.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.\nEnglish cortico-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nGerman Ketonbor.\nEnglish ketone\nEnglish -one\nEnglish -sterone\nEnglish corticosterone\nEnglish cortisone\nEnglish -ol\nEnglish cortisol\nFrom cortisone + -ol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cortisols",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "cortisol (countable and uncountable, plural cortisols)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Hormones",
          "orig": "en:Hormones",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 4",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
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          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ol",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              52
            ],
            [
              269,
              277
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2006, Marcus Lira Brandão, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Neurobiology of Mental Disorders, page 36:",
          "text": "There is experimental evidence showing that cortisol restrains the intensity and duration of the emergency reaction to stress, and catecholamines have been shown to enhance emotional memory in the amygdala (see subsection on \"Noradrenaline\"). Thus, individuals lacking cortisol would overstore traumatic memories .",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              54,
              62
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          ],
          "ref": "2024 October 17, Sandee LaMotte, “Stress and ‘moon face’: What experts say about this TikTok trend”, in CNN:",
          "text": "“While chronic stress can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the body, those levels don’t usually rise high enough to create a moon face,” said dermatologist Dr. Rajani Katta, a clinical assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A glucocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes (such as gluconeogenesis), has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or psychological stress."
      ],
      "id": "en-cortisol-en-noun-pB5PEpY3",
      "links": [
        [
          "biochemistry",
          "biochemistry"
        ],
        [
          "steroids",
          "steroids"
        ],
        [
          "glucocorticoid",
          "glucocorticoid"
        ],
        [
          "adrenal cortex",
          "adrenal cortex"
        ],
        [
          "metabolic",
          "metabolic"
        ],
        [
          "gluconeogenesis",
          "gluconeogenesis"
        ],
        [
          "anti-inflammatory",
          "anti-inflammatory"
        ],
        [
          "immunosuppressive",
          "immunosuppressive"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "psychological",
          "psychological"
        ],
        [
          "stress",
          "stress"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "steroids",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biochemistry, steroids) A glucocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes (such as gluconeogenesis), has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or psychological stress."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hydrocortisone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biochemistry",
        "biology",
        "chemistry",
        "microbiology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cortisol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "cmn",
          "roman": "pízhìchún",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "word": "皮質醇 /皮质醇"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kortizol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "word": "kortisoli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cortisol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Cortisol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "word": "kortizol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cortisolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kortyzol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cortisol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "kortizol",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кортизол"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kortizol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cortisol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "steroid hormone",
          "word": "kortisol"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Stress."
      ],
      "id": "en-cortisol-en-noun-GjQ~8i5E",
      "links": [
        [
          "Internet",
          "Internet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Internet slang) Stress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Internet",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔː.tɪ.sɒl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Berkshire",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɔl/",
      "note": "without the cot–caught merger",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɔl]",
      "note": "without the cot–caught merger",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɑl/",
      "note": "of Canada",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɑl]",
      "note": "of Canada",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-cortisol.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav.mp3",
      "note": "North Carolina",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɒl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɒl]",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoː.tɪ.sɔl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoː.tə.sɒl/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoː.tə.sɔ̟l]",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cortisol"
}

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    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)",
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    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰelh₃-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ol",
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    "Entries with translation boxes",
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    "Pages with 3 entries",
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    "Terms with Catalan translations",
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    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "anticortisol"
    },
    {
      "word": "cortisolemia"
    },
    {
      "word": "deoxycortisol"
    },
    {
      "word": "epicortisol"
    },
    {
      "word": "hypocortisolism"
    },
    {
      "word": "tixocortol"
    }
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        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.\nEnglish cortico-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nGerman Ketonbor.\nEnglish ketone\nEnglish -one\nEnglish -sterone\nEnglish corticosterone\nEnglish cortisone\nEnglish -ol\nEnglish cortisol\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ker-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)kert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)kort-ek-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cortex\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortico-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"biochemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"biochemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cholesterol\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cholesterol\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bile\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bile\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"green\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵʰelh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kʰolā́\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"χολή\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"firm\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"barren\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ster-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στερεός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cholestérine\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cholestérol\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cholesterol\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sterol\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"chemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Keton\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ketone\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-one\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-sterone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"corticosterone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortisone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ol\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cortisol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cortisol\">\nFrom cortisone + -ol.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.\nEnglish cortico-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nGerman Ketonbor.\nEnglish ketone\nEnglish -one\nEnglish -sterone\nEnglish corticosterone\nEnglish cortisone\nEnglish -ol\nEnglish cortisol\nFrom cortisone + -ol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cortisols",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "cortisol (countable and uncountable, plural cortisols)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Hormones"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              52
            ],
            [
              269,
              277
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2006, Marcus Lira Brandão, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Neurobiology of Mental Disorders, page 36:",
          "text": "There is experimental evidence showing that cortisol restrains the intensity and duration of the emergency reaction to stress, and catecholamines have been shown to enhance emotional memory in the amygdala (see subsection on \"Noradrenaline\"). Thus, individuals lacking cortisol would overstore traumatic memories .",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              54,
              62
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2024 October 17, Sandee LaMotte, “Stress and ‘moon face’: What experts say about this TikTok trend”, in CNN:",
          "text": "“While chronic stress can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the body, those levels don’t usually rise high enough to create a moon face,” said dermatologist Dr. Rajani Katta, a clinical assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A glucocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes (such as gluconeogenesis), has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or psychological stress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biochemistry",
          "biochemistry"
        ],
        [
          "steroids",
          "steroids"
        ],
        [
          "glucocorticoid",
          "glucocorticoid"
        ],
        [
          "adrenal cortex",
          "adrenal cortex"
        ],
        [
          "metabolic",
          "metabolic"
        ],
        [
          "gluconeogenesis",
          "gluconeogenesis"
        ],
        [
          "anti-inflammatory",
          "anti-inflammatory"
        ],
        [
          "immunosuppressive",
          "immunosuppressive"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "psychological",
          "psychological"
        ],
        [
          "stress",
          "stress"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "steroids",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biochemistry, steroids) A glucocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes (such as gluconeogenesis), has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or psychological stress."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hydrocortisone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biochemistry",
        "biology",
        "chemistry",
        "microbiology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English internet slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Stress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Internet",
          "Internet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Internet slang) Stress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Internet",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔː.tɪ.sɒl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Berkshire",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cortisol.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɔl/",
      "note": "without the cot–caught merger",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɔl]",
      "note": "without the cot–caught merger",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɑl/",
      "note": "of Canada",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɑl]",
      "note": "of Canada",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-cortisol.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav.mp3",
      "note": "North Carolina",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-cortisol.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɒl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɹ.ɾɪˌsɒl]",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoː.tɪ.sɔl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoː.tə.sɒl/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoː.tə.sɔ̟l]",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cortisol"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "pízhìchún",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "word": "皮質醇 /皮质醇"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kortizol"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "word": "kortisoli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cortisol"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Cortisol"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "word": "kortizol"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cortisolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kortyzol"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cortisol"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "kortizol",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кортизол"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kortizol"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cortisol"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "steroid hormone",
      "word": "kortisol"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cortisol"
}