See collectivization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
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"word": "decollectivization"
},
{
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}
],
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"2": ":af",
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"4": "-ization",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *léǵeti\nProto-Italic *legō\nLatin legō\nLatin colligō\nLatin collēctus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nLatin collēctīvusder.\nMiddle French collectifder.\nEnglish collective\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish collectivization\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"collected\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collect\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"select\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*léǵeti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*legō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"legō\", \"gloss\" : \"bring together, gather, collect\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"colligō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"collēctus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", 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\"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"collectivization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"collectivization\">\nFrom collective + -ization.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *léǵeti\nProto-Italic *legō\nLatin legō\nLatin colligō\nLatin collēctus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nLatin collēctīvusder.\nMiddle French collectifder.\nEnglish collective\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish collectivization\nFrom collective + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "collectivizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "collectivization (plural collectivizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-collectivization-en-noun-KGykRCyZ",
"links": [
[
"collectivizing",
"collectivize"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolektivizim"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kolektivacʻum",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "կոլեկտիվացում"
},
{
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"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivləşmə"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivləşdirmə"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kaljektyvizácyja",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "калектывіза́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kolektivizácija",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колективиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "col·lectivització"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jítǐhuà",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "集體化 /集体化"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collectivisatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektiviseerimine"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivisointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collectivisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colectivización"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳolekṭivizacia",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "კოლექტივიზაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kollektivierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "kolektivopoíisi",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κολεκτιβοποίηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivizálás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "államosítás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "téeszesítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "társadalmi tulajdonba vétel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collettivizzazione"
},
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"text": "At the time of Stalin's death, almost a quarter of a century after mass collectivization was initiated, the output of grain per head of population was still below the 1913 level; yet throughout this period, despite misery and starvation, large quantities of farm produce were exported all over the world for the sake of Soviet industry.",
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\"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"select\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*léǵeti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*legō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"legō\", \"gloss\" : \"bring together, gather, collect\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"colligō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"collēctus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"collēctīvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"collectif\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"collective\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"collectivization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"collectivization\">\nFrom collective + -ization.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *léǵeti\nProto-Italic *legō\nLatin legō\nLatin colligō\nLatin collēctus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nLatin collēctīvusder.\nMiddle French collectifder.\nEnglish collective\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish collectivization\nFrom collective + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "collectivizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "collectivization (plural collectivizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of collectivizing"
],
"links": [
[
"collectivizing",
"collectivize"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"ref": "1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume III: The Breakdown, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozkład (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:",
"text": "At the time of Stalin's death, almost a quarter of a century after mass collectivization was initiated, the output of grain per head of population was still below the 1913 level; yet throughout this period, despite misery and starvation, large quantities of farm produce were exported all over the world for the sake of Soviet industry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of abolishing privately-owned farmland organizing all its workers into large, publicly-owned collectives."
],
"links": [
[
"farmland",
"farmland"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"publicly-owned",
"public ownership"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially in communist states) The process of abolishing privately-owned farmland organizing all its workers into large, publicly-owned collectives."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in communist states"
],
"tags": [
"especially"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˌlɛk.tɪv.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-collectivization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-collectivization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-collectivization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-collectivization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-collectivization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolektivizim"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kolektivacʻum",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "կոլեկտիվացում"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivləşmə"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivləşdirmə"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kaljektyvizácyja",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "калектывіза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kolektivizácija",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колективиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "col·lectivització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jítǐhuà",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "集體化 /集体化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizace"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collectivisatie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektiviseerimine"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivisointi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collectivisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colectivización"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳolekṭivizacia",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "კოლექტივიზაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kollektivierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "kolektivopoíisi",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κολεκτιβοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivizálás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "államosítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "téeszesítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "társadalmi tulajdonba vétel"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collettivizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "しゅうだんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shūdanka",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "集団化"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "ujımdastıruw",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "ұжымдастыру"
},
{
"alt": "集團化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jipdanhwa",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "집단화"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kollektivizatsiya",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "коллективизация"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kollektivdeştirüü",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "коллективдештирүү"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kollektivdeşüü",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "коллективдешүү"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizācija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektyvizacija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kolektivizácija",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колективиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektywizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coletivização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colectivizare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kollektivizácija",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коллективиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "колективизација"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizacija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolektivizacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colectivización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kollektivisering"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "kollektivonidan",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "коллективонидан"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "kollektivizatsiya",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "коллективизатсия"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kolektivizasyon"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektiwleşdirilme"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kolektyvizácija",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колективіза́ція"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "kollektivlashtirish"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "the act of collectivizing",
"word": "sự tập thể hoá"
}
],
"word": "collectivization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for collectivization meaning in English (20.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.