See by heart in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Compare par cœur (literally “by heart”), of which the English may be a calque.",
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{
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "byheart"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to learn something by heart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "to know something by heart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He used to live in that town, and he still knows all the streets by heart.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1906, The Monthly Musical Record, volume 36, page 55:",
"text": "You should play over all the pieces you know by heart at least once a month or oftener with the printed copies before you: or all sorts of wrong notes may creep in, and you will be leaving out some crescendo, or rallentando, or sforzato.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:",
"text": "None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. It was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From unaided memory and in full detail."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "by rote"
}
],
"id": "en-by_heart-en-prep_phrase-NtNOB228",
"related": [
{
"word": "memory"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "off by heart"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕan ẓahri l-qalbi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "عَنْ ظَهْرِ ٱلْقَلْبِ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "angir",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "անգիր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "əzbər"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "əzbərdən"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "hafizədən"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "döşdən"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "napámjacʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "напа́мяць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "dindan eñvor"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "dre eñvor"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naizúst",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизу́ст"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memòria"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "靠記憶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kào jìyì",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "靠记忆"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "zpaměti"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "nazpaměť"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "inamiant"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "udenad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "uit het hoofd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "van buiten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "parkere"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "peast"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pähe"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "uttanat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ulkoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "par cœur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de mémoire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de tête"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zeṗirad",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ზეპირად"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "auswendig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apéxo",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "απέξω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be'ál pé",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "בְּעַל פֶּה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "kívülről"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "fejből"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "betéve"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanað"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanbókar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "memore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "a memoria"
},
{
"alt": "あんきして",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "anki-shite",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "暗記して"
},
{
"alt": "そらで",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sora-de",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "空で"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amgihada",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "암기하다"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ji ber"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezber"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "memoriter"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "mintinai"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "napamet",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "напамет"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "naizust",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизуст"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "par tchoeu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utenat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanåt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanboks"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "az bar",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "از بر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "az hefz",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "از حفظ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "na pamięć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cor"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memória"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "na ponta da língua"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cabeça"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pe de rost"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pe dinafară"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naizústʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизу́сть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na pámjatʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "на па́мять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nazubók",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "назубо́к"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "air teangaidh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "napamet"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "naspamäť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "spamäti"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z głowy"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z hłowy"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z pomjatka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memoria"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cabeza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utantill"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezbere"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezberden"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "na pámʺjatʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "на па́м'ять"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ ˈhɑːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪ ˈhɑɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by_heart.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/En-us-by_heart.ogg/En-us-by_heart.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/En-us-by_heart.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-by heart.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-au-by_heart.ogg/En-au-by_heart.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-au-by_heart.ogg"
}
],
"word": "by heart"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "byheart"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare par cœur (literally “by heart”), of which the English may be a calque.",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep_phrase",
"related": [
{
"word": "memory"
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
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"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to learn something by heart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "to know something by heart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He used to live in that town, and he still knows all the streets by heart.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1906, The Monthly Musical Record, volume 36, page 55:",
"text": "You should play over all the pieces you know by heart at least once a month or oftener with the printed copies before you: or all sorts of wrong notes may creep in, and you will be leaving out some crescendo, or rallentando, or sforzato.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:",
"text": "None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. It was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From unaided memory and in full detail."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "by rote"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ ˈhɑːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪ ˈhɑɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by_heart.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/En-us-by_heart.ogg/En-us-by_heart.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/En-us-by_heart.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-by heart.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-au-by_heart.ogg/En-au-by_heart.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-au-by_heart.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "off by heart"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕan ẓahri l-qalbi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "عَنْ ظَهْرِ ٱلْقَلْبِ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "angir",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "անգիր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "əzbər"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "əzbərdən"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "hafizədən"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "döşdən"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "napámjacʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "напа́мяць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "dindan eñvor"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "dre eñvor"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naizúst",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизу́ст"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memòria"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "靠記憶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kào jìyì",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "靠记忆"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "zpaměti"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "nazpaměť"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "inamiant"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "udenad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "uit het hoofd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "van buiten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "parkere"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "peast"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pähe"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "uttanat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ulkoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "par cœur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de mémoire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de tête"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zeṗirad",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ზეპირად"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "auswendig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apéxo",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "απέξω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be'ál pé",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "בְּעַל פֶּה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "kívülről"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "fejből"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "betéve"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanað"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanbókar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "memore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "a memoria"
},
{
"alt": "あんきして",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "anki-shite",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "暗記して"
},
{
"alt": "そらで",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sora-de",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "空で"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amgihada",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "암기하다"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ji ber"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezber"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "memoriter"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "mintinai"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "napamet",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "напамет"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "naizust",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизуст"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "par tchoeu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utenat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanåt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utanboks"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "az bar",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "از بر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "az hefz",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "از حفظ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "na pamięć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cor"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memória"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "na ponta da língua"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cabeça"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pe de rost"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "pe dinafară"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naizústʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "наизу́сть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na pámjatʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "на па́мять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nazubók",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "назубо́к"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "air teangaidh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "napamet"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "naspamäť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "spamäti"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z głowy"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z hłowy"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "z pomjatka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de memoria"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "de cabeza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "utantill"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezbere"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ezberden"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "na pámʺjatʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "на па́м'ять"
}
],
"word": "by heart"
}
Download raw JSONL data for by heart meaning in English (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.