"brimstone" meaning in English

See brimstone in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɹɪmstəʊn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbɹɪmstoʊn/ [General-American], /ˈbɹɪmstən/ [obsolete] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-brimstone.wav [US] Forms: brimstones [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English brymston, brimston, bremston, forms of brinston, brenston, bernston, from Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”), equivalent to brian + stone, or burn + stone. Cognate with Scots brunstane (“brimstone”), Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”), German Bernstein (“amber”). Compare also brimfire. More at burn, stone. Once a synonym for "sulfur", the word is now restricted to Biblical usage. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|brymston}} Middle English brymston, {{m|enm|brimston}} brimston, {{m|enm|bremston}} bremston, {{m|enm|brinston}} brinston, {{m|enm|brenston}} brenston, {{m|enm|bernston}} bernston, {{inh|en|ang|brynstān||brimstone|lit=burn-stone}} Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”), {{compound|en|brian|stone|nocat=1}} brian + stone, {{compound|en|burn|stone|nocat=1}} burn + stone, {{cog|sco|brunstane||brimstone}} Scots brunstane (“brimstone”), {{cog|is|brennisteinn||sulfur / sulphur, brimstone}} Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”), {{cog|de|Bernstein||amber}} German Bernstein (“amber”), {{m|en|brimfire}} brimfire, {{m|en|burn}} burn, {{m|en|stone}} stone Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} brimstone (countable and uncountable, plural brimstones)
  1. The sulfur of Hell; Hell, damnation. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (the sulfur of Hell): sofre [masculine] (Catalan), tulikivi (Finnish), kénkő (Hungarian), belerang (Indonesian), cedronella [feminine] (Italian), zolfo [masculine] (Italian), sweppils (Old Prussian), pucioasă [feminine] (Romanian), жу́пел (žúpel) [masculine] (Russian), svavel (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-brimstone-en-noun-eC3gv0Gt Disambiguation of 'the sulfur of Hell': 86 10 3 0 1
  2. (archaic) sulfur. Tags: archaic, countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Sulfur
    Sense id: en-brimstone-en-noun-cBj7x5H8 Disambiguation of Sulfur: 13 52 3 13 19
  3. (obsolete) A whore. Tags: countable, obsolete, uncountable Categories (topical): Prostitution
    Sense id: en-brimstone-en-noun-kJ4qctZ6 Disambiguation of Prostitution: 15 1 67 7 10
  4. (archaic) Used attributively as an intensifier in exclamations. Tags: archaic, countable, uncountable Translations (intensifier in exclamations): tulimmainen (Finnish), прокля́тый (prokljátyj) (Russian), чёртов (čórtov) (Russian), зловре́дный (zlovrédnyj) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-brimstone-en-noun-ZjVraMdE Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English intensifiers Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 1 5 43 48 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 2 2 6 41 50 Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 3 3 8 48 37 Disambiguation of 'intensifier in exclamations': 2 0 2 91 6
  5. The butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni of the Pieridae family. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (lifeform): Pierid butterflies Translations (butterfly species): лимоница (limonica) [feminine] (Bulgarian), llimonera [feminine] (Catalan), citronsommerfugl (Danish), citroenvlinder [masculine] (Dutch), sitruunaperhonen (Finnish), citron [masculine] (French), Zitronenfalter [masculine] (German), לִימוֹנִית (limonít) [feminine] (Hebrew), citromlepke (Hungarian), cedronella [feminine] (Italian), 멧노랑나비 (mennorangnabi) (Korean), citrontauriņš [masculine] (Latvian), krūkļu baltenis [masculine] (Latvian), citrinukas [masculine] (Lithuanian), лимо́нница (limónnica) [feminine] (Russian), круши́нница (krušínnica) [feminine] (Russian), citronfjäril (Swedish), orakkanat (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-brimstone-en-noun-yagiH3AV Disambiguation of Pierid butterflies: 3 3 10 31 53 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 1 5 43 48 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 2 1 5 40 52 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 2 2 6 41 50 Disambiguation of 'butterfly species': 0 0 0 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: fire and brimstone, rain fire and brimstone, brimstone match, brimstone flower

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for brimstone meaning in English (12.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fire and brimstone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rain fire and brimstone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "brimstone match"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "brimstone flower"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "brymston"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English brymston",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brimston"
      },
      "expansion": "brimston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bremston"
      },
      "expansion": "bremston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brinston"
      },
      "expansion": "brinston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brenston"
      },
      "expansion": "brenston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bernston"
      },
      "expansion": "bernston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "brynstān",
        "4": "",
        "5": "brimstone",
        "lit": "burn-stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brian",
        "3": "stone",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "brian + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burn",
        "3": "stone",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "burn + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "brunstane",
        "3": "",
        "4": "brimstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots brunstane (“brimstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "brennisteinn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sulfur / sulphur, brimstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Bernstein",
        "3": "",
        "4": "amber"
      },
      "expansion": "German Bernstein (“amber”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brimfire"
      },
      "expansion": "brimfire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burn"
      },
      "expansion": "burn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "stone",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English brymston, brimston, bremston, forms of brinston, brenston, bernston, from Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”), equivalent to brian + stone, or burn + stone. Cognate with Scots brunstane (“brimstone”), Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”), German Bernstein (“amber”). Compare also brimfire. More at burn, stone.\nOnce a synonym for \"sulfur\", the word is now restricted to Biblical usage.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brimstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "brimstone (countable and uncountable, plural brimstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene",
          "text": "For griefe thereof, and diuelish despight, / From his infernall fournace forth he threw / Huge flames, that dimmed all the heauens light, / Enrold in duskish smoke and brimstone blew.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost",
          "text": "Till, as a signal giv'n, th' uplifted Spear / Of their great Sultan waving to direct / Thir course, in even ballance down they light / On the firm brimstone, and fill all the Plain; / A multitude.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, Charles Dickens, Hard Times",
          "text": "[W]hen he [the Devil] is aweary of vice, and aweary of virtue, used up as to brimstone, and used up as to bliss [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1916, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man",
          "text": "But the sulphurous brimstone which burns in hell is a substance which is specially designed to burn for ever and for ever with unspeakable fury.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The sulfur of Hell; Hell, damnation."
      ],
      "id": "en-brimstone-en-noun-eC3gv0Gt",
      "links": [
        [
          "sulfur",
          "sulfur"
        ],
        [
          "Hell",
          "Hell"
        ],
        [
          "damnation",
          "damnation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sofre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "word": "tulikivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "word": "kénkő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "word": "belerang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cedronella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zolfo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "prg",
          "lang": "Old Prussian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "word": "sweppils"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pucioasă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "žúpel",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "жу́пел"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 10 3 0 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
          "word": "svavel"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 52 3 13 19",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sulfur",
          "orig": "en:Sulfur",
          "parents": [
            "Chalcogens",
            "Chemical elements",
            "Matter",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1816, Walter Scott, The Antiquary",
          "text": "Weel I wot I wad be broken if I were to gie sic weight to the folk that come to buy our pepper and brimstone, and suchlike sweetmeats.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1838, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby",
          "text": "Don't think, young man, that we go to the expense of flower of brimstone and molasses, just to purify them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sulfur."
      ],
      "id": "en-brimstone-en-noun-cBj7x5H8",
      "links": [
        [
          "sulfur",
          "sulfur"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) sulfur."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 1 67 7 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Prostitution",
          "orig": "en:Prostitution",
          "parents": [
            "Sexuality",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Sex",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1763, James Boswell, edited by Gordon Turnbull, London Journal 1762-1763, Penguin, published 2014, page 237",
          "text": "I went to the park, picked up a low Brimstone, called myself a Barber, & agreed with her for Sixpence, went to the bottom of the park, arm in arm, & dipped my machine in the Canal […].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A whore."
      ],
      "id": "en-brimstone-en-noun-kJ4qctZ6",
      "links": [
        [
          "whore",
          "whore"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A whore."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 5 43 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 6 41 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 8 48 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1852, Charles Dickens, Bleak House",
          "text": "You are a brimstone pig. You're a head of swine!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1852, Charles Dickens, Bleak House",
          "text": "You're a brimstone idiot.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used attributively as an intensifier in exclamations."
      ],
      "id": "en-brimstone-en-noun-ZjVraMdE",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Used attributively as an intensifier in exclamations."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 2 91 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
          "word": "tulimmainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 2 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prokljátyj",
          "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
          "word": "прокля́тый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 2 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "čórtov",
          "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
          "word": "чёртов"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 2 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zlovrédnyj",
          "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
          "word": "зловре́дный"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 5 43 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 5 40 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 6 41 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 10 31 53",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Pierid butterflies",
          "orig": "en:Pierid butterflies",
          "parents": [
            "Butterflies",
            "Insects",
            "Arthropods",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni of the Pieridae family."
      ],
      "id": "en-brimstone-en-noun-yagiH3AV",
      "links": [
        [
          "butterfly",
          "butterfly"
        ],
        [
          "Pieridae",
          "Pieridae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "limonica",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "лимоница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "llimonera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "citronsommerfugl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "citroenvlinder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "sitruunaperhonen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "citron"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Zitronenfalter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "limonít",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "לִימוֹנִית"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "citromlepke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cedronella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "mennorangnabi",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "멧노랑나비"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "citrontauriņš"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "krūkļu baltenis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "citrinukas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "limónnica",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "лимо́нница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "krušínnica",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "круши́нница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "citronfjäril"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "butterfly species",
          "word": "orakkanat"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstəʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstən/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-brimstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brimstone"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English intensifiers",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Pierid butterflies",
    "en:Prostitution",
    "en:Sulfur"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fire and brimstone"
    },
    {
      "word": "rain fire and brimstone"
    },
    {
      "word": "brimstone match"
    },
    {
      "word": "brimstone flower"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "brymston"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English brymston",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brimston"
      },
      "expansion": "brimston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bremston"
      },
      "expansion": "bremston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brinston"
      },
      "expansion": "brinston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "brenston"
      },
      "expansion": "brenston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bernston"
      },
      "expansion": "bernston",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "brynstān",
        "4": "",
        "5": "brimstone",
        "lit": "burn-stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brian",
        "3": "stone",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "brian + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burn",
        "3": "stone",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "burn + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "brunstane",
        "3": "",
        "4": "brimstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots brunstane (“brimstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "brennisteinn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sulfur / sulphur, brimstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Bernstein",
        "3": "",
        "4": "amber"
      },
      "expansion": "German Bernstein (“amber”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brimfire"
      },
      "expansion": "brimfire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burn"
      },
      "expansion": "burn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "stone",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English brymston, brimston, bremston, forms of brinston, brenston, bernston, from Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”), equivalent to brian + stone, or burn + stone. Cognate with Scots brunstane (“brimstone”), Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”), German Bernstein (“amber”). Compare also brimfire. More at burn, stone.\nOnce a synonym for \"sulfur\", the word is now restricted to Biblical usage.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brimstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "brimstone (countable and uncountable, plural brimstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene",
          "text": "For griefe thereof, and diuelish despight, / From his infernall fournace forth he threw / Huge flames, that dimmed all the heauens light, / Enrold in duskish smoke and brimstone blew.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost",
          "text": "Till, as a signal giv'n, th' uplifted Spear / Of their great Sultan waving to direct / Thir course, in even ballance down they light / On the firm brimstone, and fill all the Plain; / A multitude.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, Charles Dickens, Hard Times",
          "text": "[W]hen he [the Devil] is aweary of vice, and aweary of virtue, used up as to brimstone, and used up as to bliss [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1916, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man",
          "text": "But the sulphurous brimstone which burns in hell is a substance which is specially designed to burn for ever and for ever with unspeakable fury.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The sulfur of Hell; Hell, damnation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sulfur",
          "sulfur"
        ],
        [
          "Hell",
          "Hell"
        ],
        [
          "damnation",
          "damnation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1816, Walter Scott, The Antiquary",
          "text": "Weel I wot I wad be broken if I were to gie sic weight to the folk that come to buy our pepper and brimstone, and suchlike sweetmeats.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1838, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby",
          "text": "Don't think, young man, that we go to the expense of flower of brimstone and molasses, just to purify them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sulfur."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sulfur",
          "sulfur"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) sulfur."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1763, James Boswell, edited by Gordon Turnbull, London Journal 1762-1763, Penguin, published 2014, page 237",
          "text": "I went to the park, picked up a low Brimstone, called myself a Barber, & agreed with her for Sixpence, went to the bottom of the park, arm in arm, & dipped my machine in the Canal […].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A whore."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whore",
          "whore"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A whore."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1852, Charles Dickens, Bleak House",
          "text": "You are a brimstone pig. You're a head of swine!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1852, Charles Dickens, Bleak House",
          "text": "You're a brimstone idiot.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used attributively as an intensifier in exclamations."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Used attributively as an intensifier in exclamations."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni of the Pieridae family."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "butterfly",
          "butterfly"
        ],
        [
          "Pieridae",
          "Pieridae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstəʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹɪmstən/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-brimstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-brimstone.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sofre"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "word": "tulikivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "word": "kénkő"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "word": "belerang"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cedronella"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zolfo"
    },
    {
      "code": "prg",
      "lang": "Old Prussian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "word": "sweppils"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pucioasă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "žúpel",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "жу́пел"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the sulfur of Hell",
      "word": "svavel"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
      "word": "tulimmainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prokljátyj",
      "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
      "word": "прокля́тый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "čórtov",
      "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
      "word": "чёртов"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zlovrédnyj",
      "sense": "intensifier in exclamations",
      "word": "зловре́дный"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "limonica",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "лимоница"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "llimonera"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "citronsommerfugl"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "citroenvlinder"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "sitruunaperhonen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "citron"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Zitronenfalter"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "limonít",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "לִימוֹנִית"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "citromlepke"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cedronella"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mennorangnabi",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "멧노랑나비"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "citrontauriņš"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "krūkļu baltenis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "citrinukas"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "limónnica",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "лимо́нница"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "krušínnica",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "круши́нница"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "citronfjäril"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "butterfly species",
      "word": "orakkanat"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brimstone"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.