See bitumen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bitumastic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bitumenised"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bitumen of Judea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bituminiferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bituminoid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bituminous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bitumoid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dilbit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "modified bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pyrobitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refined bitumen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bithumen",
"bithumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitūmen",
"bitumen#Latin"
],
[
"bitume",
"bitume#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bithumen,bitumen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bithumen, bitumen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bitūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bitume",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. The verb sense was derived from the noun. Doublet of bitume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitumina",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "bitumina",
"3": "s"
},
"expansion": "bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bi",
"tu",
"men"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 6 15 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Petroleum",
"orig": "en:Petroleum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
224,
231
]
],
"ref": "2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph:",
"text": "You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted \"hoggin\" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An immensely viscous constituent of petroleum, primarily used in road construction"
],
"id": "en-bitumen-en-noun-6f7GNKwD",
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"petroleum",
"petroleum"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asphalt"
},
{
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"word": "Jew's line"
},
{
"word": "Jew's pitch"
},
{
"word": "Jew's slime"
},
{
"word": "slime"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "śilajôtu",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "শিলাজতু"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bitum",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "битум"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "betum"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "lìqīng",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "瀝青 /沥青"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "aardpek"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitumi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ásphaltos",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄσφαλτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kheimahr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "חמר"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asfalto"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "rekisei",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "歴青"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "rekisei",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "瀝青"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitūmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumin"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "betume"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bítum",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "би́тум"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bìth"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teàrr"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "brea"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "yaang-má-dtɔi",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "ยางมะตอย"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitüm"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "yer sakızı"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "bitüm",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "بیتوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 15 17",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "bitumen",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "ביטומען"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any one of the natural hydrocarbons."
],
"id": "en-bitumen-en-noun-OQch-L38",
"links": [
[
"hydrocarbon",
"hydrocarbon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 50 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 63 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 52 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 53 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 52 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 44 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 12 50 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 52 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 52 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 50 3 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 57 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 55 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 52 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 51 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 50 2 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 53 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 53 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 50 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 11 50 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 54 2 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 11 49 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 49 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 60 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 52 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 58 1 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 53 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 47 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 53 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 53 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 50 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Natural resources",
"orig": "en:Natural resources",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A road sealed with asphalt concrete, as opposed to a dirt road."
],
"id": "en-bitumen-en-noun-cG~AmZDM",
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"asphalt concrete",
"asphalt concrete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, colloquial) A road sealed with asphalt concrete, as opposed to a dirt road."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deposit of extremely heavy crude oil."
],
"id": "en-bitumen-en-noun-htvmZPSU",
"links": [
[
"Deposit",
"deposit"
],
[
"crude oil",
"crude oil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) Deposit of extremely heavy crude oil."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈju.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtjʊmɪn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːmən"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bithumen",
"bithumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitūmen",
"bitumen#Latin"
],
[
"bitume",
"bitume#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bithumen,bitumen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bithumen, bitumen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bitūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bitume",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. The verb sense was derived from the noun. Doublet of bitume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitumens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bi",
"tu",
"men"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
66
]
],
"ref": "1926, Rudyard Kipling, “The Prophet and the Country”, in Debits and Credits, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "another star reflected itself in the glassy black of the bitumened road",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"ref": "1937, Lady Ethel Stefana Drower, Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, Brill Archive, →LCCN, page 122:",
"text": "The Litlata community have now built a mandi set in a pleasant garden, and to ensure the cleanliness of their yardna have bricked and bitumened the pool into which the water flows",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
52
]
],
"ref": "1984, Dennis Hancock, Wheels of Progress: History of the Road Transport Industry in Western Australia, 1829-1983, Access Press, →ISBN, page 145:",
"text": "Work is already under way to complete the bitumening of Western Australia's last unsurfaced stretch of Highway One, between Fitzroy Crossing and Hall's Creek.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
112,
122
]
],
"ref": "2013, Janice Cooper, Crossing the Divide: A History of Alpha and Jericho Districts, Boolarong Press, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "The development of water reticulation occurred in parallel with street work — forming, kerbing, channelling and bitumening.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or fill with bitumen."
],
"id": "en-bitumen-en-verb-OPoz9dkf",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "asphalt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bituminize"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈju.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtjʊmɪn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːmən"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːmən",
"Rhymes:English/uːmən/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtjʊmɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtjʊmɪn/3 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Natural resources",
"en:Petroleum"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bitumastic"
},
{
"word": "bitumenised"
},
{
"word": "bitumen of Judea"
},
{
"word": "bituminiferous"
},
{
"word": "bituminoid"
},
{
"word": "bituminous"
},
{
"word": "bitumoid"
},
{
"word": "crude bitumen"
},
{
"word": "dilbit"
},
{
"word": "modified bitumen"
},
{
"word": "pyrobitumen"
},
{
"word": "refined bitumen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bithumen",
"bithumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitūmen",
"bitumen#Latin"
],
[
"bitume",
"bitume#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bithumen,bitumen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bithumen, bitumen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bitūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bitume",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. The verb sense was derived from the noun. Doublet of bitume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitumina",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "bitumina",
"3": "s"
},
"expansion": "bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bi",
"tu",
"men"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
224,
231
]
],
"ref": "2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph:",
"text": "You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted \"hoggin\" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An immensely viscous constituent of petroleum, primarily used in road construction"
],
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"petroleum",
"petroleum"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asphalt"
},
{
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"word": "Jew's line"
},
{
"word": "Jew's pitch"
},
{
"word": "Jew's slime"
},
{
"word": "slime"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any one of the natural hydrocarbons."
],
"links": [
[
"hydrocarbon",
"hydrocarbon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A road sealed with asphalt concrete, as opposed to a dirt road."
],
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"asphalt concrete",
"asphalt concrete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, colloquial) A road sealed with asphalt concrete, as opposed to a dirt road."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English"
],
"glosses": [
"Deposit of extremely heavy crude oil."
],
"links": [
[
"Deposit",
"deposit"
],
[
"crude oil",
"crude oil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) Deposit of extremely heavy crude oil."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈju.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtjʊmɪn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːmən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "śilajôtu",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "শিলাজতু"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bitum",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "битум"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "betum"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "lìqīng",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "瀝青 /沥青"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "aardpek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitumi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bitumen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ásphaltos",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄσφαλτος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kheimahr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "חמר"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitume"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asfalto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "rekisei",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "歴青"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "rekisei",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "瀝青"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitūmen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumin"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "betume"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitum"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bítum",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "би́тум"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bìth"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teàrr"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "brea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bitumen"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "yaang-má-dtɔi",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "ยางมะตอย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "bitüm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "yer sakızı"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "bitüm",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "بیتوم"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "bitumen",
"sense": "form of petroleum",
"word": "ביטומען"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːmən",
"Rhymes:English/uːmən/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtjʊmɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtjʊmɪn/3 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Natural resources",
"en:Petroleum"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bithumen",
"bithumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bitūmen",
"bitumen#Latin"
],
[
"bitume",
"bitume#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bithumen,bitumen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bithumen, bitumen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bitūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bitume",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. The verb sense was derived from the noun. Doublet of bitume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitumens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bitumened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bi",
"tu",
"men"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "asphalt"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
66
]
],
"ref": "1926, Rudyard Kipling, “The Prophet and the Country”, in Debits and Credits, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "another star reflected itself in the glassy black of the bitumened road",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"ref": "1937, Lady Ethel Stefana Drower, Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, Brill Archive, →LCCN, page 122:",
"text": "The Litlata community have now built a mandi set in a pleasant garden, and to ensure the cleanliness of their yardna have bricked and bitumened the pool into which the water flows",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
52
]
],
"ref": "1984, Dennis Hancock, Wheels of Progress: History of the Road Transport Industry in Western Australia, 1829-1983, Access Press, →ISBN, page 145:",
"text": "Work is already under way to complete the bitumening of Western Australia's last unsurfaced stretch of Highway One, between Fitzroy Crossing and Hall's Creek.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
112,
122
]
],
"ref": "2013, Janice Cooper, Crossing the Divide: A History of Alpha and Jericho Districts, Boolarong Press, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "The development of water reticulation occurred in parallel with street work — forming, kerbing, channelling and bitumening.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or fill with bitumen."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bituminize"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪtˈju.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪtˈu.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bitumen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-bitumen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtjʊmɪn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːmən"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bitumen meaning in English (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.