See bellwether in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bellwether state"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bellwether stock"
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"gloss2": "castrated ram",
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"name": "compound"
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"etymology_text": "From Middle English belwether, belleweder, equivalent to bell + wether (“castrated ram”).",
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"ref": "1861, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., chapter XXXI, in Elsie Venner:",
"text": "Several old ladies forthwith proclaimed their intention of following him; but, as one or two of them were deaf, and another had been threatened with an attack of that mild, but obstinate complaint, dementia senilis, many thought it was not so much the force of his arguments as a kind of tendency to jump as the bellwether jumps, well known in flocks not included in the Christian fold.",
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sq",
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{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
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"word": "ballëtór"
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sq",
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"word": "ballëtár"
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sq",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
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"word": "rrúgës"
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sq",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
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"word": "kallaúz"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "esqueller"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "belhamel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "kellokas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "menon"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Leithammel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "משכוכית"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"alt": "すずつきひつじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "suzu tsuki hitsuji",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "鈴つき羊"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjellesau"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ovan predvodnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "scn",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crastu campanaru"
},
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "manso"
},
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "skällgumse"
},
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "ledargestalt"
},
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"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "rättesnöre"
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"ref": "1919, Charles Fort, chapter 12, in The Book of the Damned:",
"text": "I suspect that, after all,[…]—that all this has been known, perhaps for ages, to certain ones upon this earth, a cult or order, members of which function like bellwethers to the rest of us, or as superior slaves or overseers, directing us in accordance with instructions received—from Somewhere else—in our mysterious usefulness.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 February 1, Stephen Buranyi, “The high-tech war on science fraud”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "In December, after everyone had weighed in, Nature, a bellwether of mainstream scientific thought for more than a century, cautiously supported a future of automated scientific scrutiny in an editorial that addressed the Statcheck controversy without explicitly naming it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 May 16, Philip Oltermann, “German state elections show populism in decline on left and right”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "A bellwether election in Germany’s most populous state has shown a further eroding of support for populist parties on the far ends of the political spectrum, thrown up questions over the pulling power of the chancellor, Olaf Scholz, and entrenched the growing authority of the Greens.",
"type": "quote"
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"Anything that indicates future trends."
],
"id": "en-bellwether-en-noun-e24VA3bu",
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"(figuratively) Anything that indicates future trends."
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "gauge"
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{
"word": "indicator"
},
{
"word": "sign"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
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{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "en:Finance",
"parents": [
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"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
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"ref": "2009, Joe Duarte, Market Timing For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "One of my favorite sentiment indicators is bellwether stocks — key stocks that are leaders in their fields. When investors buy or sell these shares, it's usually a good sign of confidence or the lack of it in that sector of the market and sometimes even the economy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition."
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[
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[
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[
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"bond"
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[
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[
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[
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],
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"(figuratively) Anything that indicates future trends.",
"(finance, figuratively) A stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition."
],
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},
{
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},
{
"word": "sign"
}
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],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"word": "trendsetter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "führender Wert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indikator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 97",
"alt": "しひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shihyō",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"word": "指標"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barómetro"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛlwɛðə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛlwɛðɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bell-wether"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bellweather"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indikátor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazovatel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barometr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "trendsetter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "ennusmerkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trendsetter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Trendbarometer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indikator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbote"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"alt": "まえぶれ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maebure",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "前触れ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"alt": "きざし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizashi",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "兆し"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"alt": "ちょうこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōkō",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "兆候"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirushi",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "しるし"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "indicador"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "barômetro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indikátor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazovateľ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barometer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barómetro"
}
],
"word": "bellwether"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Sheep"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bellwether state"
},
{
"word": "bellwether stock"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "belwether"
},
"expansion": "Middle English belwether",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bell",
"3": "wether",
"gloss2": "castrated ram",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "bell + wether (“castrated ram”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English belwether, belleweder, equivalent to bell + wether (“castrated ram”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bellwethers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bellwether (plural bellwethers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "omen"
},
{
"word": "harbinger"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1861, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., chapter XXXI, in Elsie Venner:",
"text": "Several old ladies forthwith proclaimed their intention of following him; but, as one or two of them were deaf, and another had been threatened with an attack of that mild, but obstinate complaint, dementia senilis, many thought it was not so much the force of his arguments as a kind of tendency to jump as the bellwether jumps, well known in flocks not included in the Christian fold.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck."
],
"links": [
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Charles Fort, chapter 12, in The Book of the Damned:",
"text": "I suspect that, after all,[…]—that all this has been known, perhaps for ages, to certain ones upon this earth, a cult or order, members of which function like bellwethers to the rest of us, or as superior slaves or overseers, directing us in accordance with instructions received—from Somewhere else—in our mysterious usefulness.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 February 1, Stephen Buranyi, “The high-tech war on science fraud”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "In December, after everyone had weighed in, Nature, a bellwether of mainstream scientific thought for more than a century, cautiously supported a future of automated scientific scrutiny in an editorial that addressed the Statcheck controversy without explicitly naming it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 May 16, Philip Oltermann, “German state elections show populism in decline on left and right”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "A bellwether election in Germany’s most populous state has shown a further eroding of support for populist parties on the far ends of the political spectrum, thrown up questions over the pulling power of the chancellor, Olaf Scholz, and entrenched the growing authority of the Greens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything that indicates future trends."
],
"links": [
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"future",
"future"
],
[
"trend",
"trend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Anything that indicates future trends."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gauge"
},
{
"word": "indicator"
},
{
"word": "sign"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Finance"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Joe Duarte, Market Timing For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "One of my favorite sentiment indicators is bellwether stocks — key stocks that are leaders in their fields. When investors buy or sell these shares, it's usually a good sign of confidence or the lack of it in that sector of the market and sometimes even the economy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything that indicates future trends.",
"A stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition."
],
"links": [
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"future",
"future"
],
[
"trend",
"trend"
],
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
],
[
"bond",
"bond"
],
[
"indicator",
"indicator"
],
[
"market's",
"market"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Anything that indicates future trends.",
"(finance, figuratively) A stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gauge"
},
{
"word": "indicator"
},
{
"word": "sign"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛlwɛðə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛlwɛðɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bellwether.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/En-us-bellwether.ogg/En-us-bellwether.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/En-us-bellwether.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bell-wether"
},
{
"word": "bellweather"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përçór"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "ballëtór"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ballëtár"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rrúgës"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kallaúz"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esqueller"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "belhamel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "kellokas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "menon"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Leithammel"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "משכוכית"
},
{
"alt": "すずつきひつじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "suzu tsuki hitsuji",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "鈴つき羊"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjellesau"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ovan predvodnik"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crastu campanaru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "skällgumse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "ledargestalt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck",
"word": "rättesnöre"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indikátor"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazovatel"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barometr"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "trendsetter"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "ennusmerkki"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trendsetter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Trendbarometer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indikator"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbote"
},
{
"alt": "まえぶれ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maebure",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "前触れ"
},
{
"alt": "きざし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizashi",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "兆し"
},
{
"alt": "ちょうこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōkō",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "兆候"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirushi",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "しるし"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "indicador"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"word": "barômetro"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indikátor"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazovateľ"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barometer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "anything that indicates future trends",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barómetro"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"word": "trendsetter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "führender Wert"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indikator"
},
{
"alt": "しひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shihyō",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"word": "指標"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barómetro"
}
],
"word": "bellwether"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bellwether meaning in English (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.