"athwart" meaning in English

See athwart in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /əˈθwɔːt/ [Received-Pronunciation], /əˈθwɔɹt/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-athwart.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more athwart [comparative], most athwart [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t Etymology: From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”). cognates * Scots athort (“athwart”) Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*uds-|*terkʷ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|athwert}} Middle English athwert, {{m|enm|athirt}} athirt, {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{m|enm|a-|pos=prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’}} a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’), {{m|enm|thwert|pos=adverb|t=crosswise; (cooking) across the grain}} thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb), {{m|enm||Thwert}} Thwert, {{m|enm|thwert|pos=adjective|t=crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn}} thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), {{der|en|non|þvert|t=across, athwart}} Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), {{glossary|neuter}} neuter, {{m|non|þverr|t=across, transverse}} þverr (“across, transverse”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þwerhaz|t=cross; adverse}} Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þweraną|t=to stir; to swirl; to turn}} Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þerh-}} Proto-Germanic *þerh-, {{der|en|ine-pro|*terkʷ-|t=to spin; to turn}} Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”), {{prefix|en|a|thwart|pos1=prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’|t2=placed or situated across something else}} a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”), {{cog|sco|athort|t=athwart}} Scots athort (“athwart”) Head templates: {{en-adv}} athwart (comparative more athwart, superlative most athwart)
  1. From side to side, often in an oblique manner; across or over. Tags: archaic Synonyms: overthwart [obsolete], transversely Translations (from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across): dwars over (Dutch), van de ene kant naar de andere (Dutch), sivulla (english: on the side) (Finnish), sivulle (english: to the side) (Finnish), poikki (english: across) (Finnish), à travers (French), d’un coté à l’autre (French), á cadabullo (Galician), a traveso (Galician), de enxirgo (Galician), entravés (Galician), quer (German), di traverso (Italian), tōpeka (Maori), w poprzek (Polish), поперёк (poperjók) (Russian), जिह्म (jihma) (Sanskrit), a través (Spanish), de lado a lado (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-adv-fz238VeZ Disambiguation of 'from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across': 95 5 1
  2. Across the path of something, so as to impede progress. Tags: archaic Translations (across the path of something, so as to impede progress): tiellä (Finnish), tielle (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-adv-IjtsH9id Disambiguation of 'across the path of something, so as to impede progress': 6 94 1
  3. (figuratively) Against the anticipated or appropriate course of something; improperly, perversely, wrongly. Tags: archaic, figuratively Synonyms: awry, crosswise
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-adv-eQ6GOgVk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Preposition

IPA: /əˈθwɔːt/ [Received-Pronunciation], /əˈθwɔɹt/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-athwart.wav [Southern-England]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t Etymology: From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”). cognates * Scots athort (“athwart”) Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*uds-|*terkʷ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|athwert}} Middle English athwert, {{m|enm|athirt}} athirt, {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{m|enm|a-|pos=prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’}} a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’), {{m|enm|thwert|pos=adverb|t=crosswise; (cooking) across the grain}} thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb), {{m|enm||Thwert}} Thwert, {{m|enm|thwert|pos=adjective|t=crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn}} thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), {{der|en|non|þvert|t=across, athwart}} Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), {{glossary|neuter}} neuter, {{m|non|þverr|t=across, transverse}} þverr (“across, transverse”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þwerhaz|t=cross; adverse}} Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þweraną|t=to stir; to swirl; to turn}} Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*þerh-}} Proto-Germanic *þerh-, {{der|en|ine-pro|*terkʷ-|t=to spin; to turn}} Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”), {{prefix|en|a|thwart|pos1=prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’|t2=placed or situated across something else}} a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”), {{cog|sco|athort|t=athwart}} Scots athort (“athwart”) Head templates: {{head|en|prepositions|head=}} athwart, {{en-prep}} athwart
  1. From one side to the other side of; across. Tags: archaic Synonyms: overthwart [obsolete] Translations (from one side to the other side of — see also across): ⁧بِعَرْض⁩ (biʕarḍ) (Arabic), ⁧بعرض⁩ (beʕarrḍ) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), poikki (Finnish), halki (Finnish), че́рез (čérez) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-CqmIxh-4 Disambiguation of 'from one side to the other side of — see also across': 70 5 5 15 0 5
  2. Across the course or path of, so as to meet; hence (figuratively), to the attention of. Tags: archaic Translations (across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of): tielle (Finnish), eteen (Finnish), esiin (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-KtQhJVb6 Disambiguation of 'across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of': 9 46 19 17 1 8
  3. Across the course or path of, so as to oppose. Tags: archaic Translations (across the path or course of, so as to oppose): tielle (Finnish), eteen (Finnish), vastaan (Finnish), напереко́р (naperekór) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-Vdob6gXD Disambiguation of 'across the path or course of, so as to oppose': 13 13 35 23 4 12
  4. (figuratively)
    Across; through.
    Tags: archaic, figuratively
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-rGTOAKc3
  5. (figuratively)
    Opposed to.
    Tags: archaic, figuratively Translations (opposed to): vastaan (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-Ch8A2Q3M Disambiguation of 'opposed to': 1 1 5 1 91 1
  6. (nautical) Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck. Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Nautical Translations (across the line of a ship’s course, or across its deck): poikittain (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-athwart-en-prep-Rickqui0 Topics: nautical, transport Disambiguation of 'across the line of a ship’s course, or across its deck': 7 6 7 12 0 68
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: athwartship, athwartships

Download JSON data for athwart meaning in English (19.4kB)

{
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*uds-",
        "4": "*terkʷ-"
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      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "athwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English athwert",
      "name": "inh"
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    {
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        "2": "athirt"
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        "pos": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’"
      },
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      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "t": "crosswise; (cooking) across the grain"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Thwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Thwert",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "þvert",
        "t": "across, athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "neuter"
      },
      "expansion": "neuter",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "þverr",
        "t": "across, transverse"
      },
      "expansion": "þverr (“across, transverse”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwerhaz",
        "t": "cross; adverse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þweraną",
        "t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þerh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "t": "to spin; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "thwart",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’",
        "t2": "placed or situated across something else"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "athort",
        "t": "athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots athort (“athwart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”).\ncognates\n* Scots athort (“athwart”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more athwart",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most athwart",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "athwart (comparative more athwart, superlative most athwart)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "overthwart"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "overthwartly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "overthwartness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thwart"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "thwarted"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thwarten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "thwartened"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thwarter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "thwarting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thwartwise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "unthwartable"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "unthwarted"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Above, the stars appeared to move slowly athwart.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We placed one log on the ground, and another athwart, forming a crude cross.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From side to side, often in an oblique manner; across or over."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-adv-fz238VeZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "oblique",
          "oblique#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across#Adverb"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over#Adverb"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "overthwart"
        },
        {
          "word": "transversely"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "dwars over"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "van de ene kant naar de andere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "on the side",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "sivulla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "to the side",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "sivulle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "across",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "poikki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "à travers"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "d’un coté à l’autre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "á cadabullo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "a traveso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "de enxirgo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "entravés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "quer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "di traverso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "tōpeka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "w poprzek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "poperjók",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "поперёк"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "jihma",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "जिह्म"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "a través"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
          "word": "de lado a lado"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a fleet standing athwart our course",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the path of something, so as to impede progress."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-adv-IjtsH9id",
      "links": [
        [
          "path",
          "path#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "impede",
          "impede"
        ],
        [
          "progress",
          "progress#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 94 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the path of something, so as to impede progress",
          "word": "tiellä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 94 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the path of something, so as to impede progress",
          "word": "tielle"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Against the anticipated or appropriate course of something; improperly, perversely, wrongly."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-adv-eQ6GOgVk",
      "links": [
        [
          "Against",
          "against#Preposition"
        ],
        [
          "anticipated",
          "anticipated#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "appropriate",
          "appropriate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "improperly",
          "improperly"
        ],
        [
          "perversely",
          "perversely"
        ],
        [
          "wrongly",
          "wrongly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Against the anticipated or appropriate course of something; improperly, perversely, wrongly."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "awry"
        },
        {
          "word": "crosswise"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔːt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔɹt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
    },
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "athwart"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "athwartship"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "athwartships"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*uds-",
        "4": "*terkʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "athwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English athwert",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "athirt"
      },
      "expansion": "athirt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "pos": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "t": "crosswise; (cooking) across the grain"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Thwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Thwert",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "þvert",
        "t": "across, athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "neuter"
      },
      "expansion": "neuter",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "þverr",
        "t": "across, transverse"
      },
      "expansion": "þverr (“across, transverse”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwerhaz",
        "t": "cross; adverse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þweraną",
        "t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þerh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "t": "to spin; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "thwart",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’",
        "t2": "placed or situated across something else"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "athort",
        "t": "athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots athort (“athwart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”).\ncognates\n* Scots athort (“athwart”)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "athwart",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "athwart",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The stars moved slowly athwart the sky.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From one side to the other side of; across."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-CqmIxh-4",
      "links": [
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across#Preposition"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "overthwart"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "70 5 5 15 0 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "biʕarḍ",
          "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
          "word": "⁧بِعَرْض⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 5 5 15 0 5",
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "beʕarrḍ",
          "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "⁧بعرض⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 5 5 15 0 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
          "word": "poikki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 5 5 15 0 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
          "word": "halki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 5 5 15 0 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "čérez",
          "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
          "word": "че́рез"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Across the course or path of, so as to meet; hence (figuratively), to the attention of."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-KtQhJVb6",
      "links": [
        [
          "course",
          "course#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "path",
          "path#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "meet",
          "meet#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "attention",
          "attention"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 46 19 17 1 8",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
          "word": "tielle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 46 19 17 1 8",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
          "word": "eteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 46 19 17 1 8",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
          "word": "esiin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, William James, “Lectures XIV and XV: The Value of Saintliness”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […], New York, N.Y., London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 330",
          "text": "It is the voice of human experience within us, judging and condemning all gods that stand athwart the pathway along which it feels itself to be advancing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “The Spectre of Revolution”, in Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945, New York, N.Y.: The Penguin Press, page 395",
          "text": "The new fashions were perforce addressed to the more prosperous young: the children of Europe’s white middle-class, who could afford records, concerts, shoes, clothes, make-up and modish hair-styling. But the presentation of these wares cut ostentatiously athwart conventional lines.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the course or path of, so as to oppose."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-Vdob6gXD",
      "links": [
        [
          "oppose",
          "oppose"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 35 23 4 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
          "word": "tielle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 35 23 4 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
          "word": "eteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 35 23 4 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
          "word": "vastaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 35 23 4 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "naperekór",
          "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
          "word": "напереко́р"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "7 September 2014, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, page 8]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22",
          "text": "And should the moon happen to hit its ever-shifting orbital perigee at the same time that it lies athwart from the sun, we are treated to a so-called supermoon, a full moon that can seem close enough to embrace – as much as 12 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the average full moon.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across; through."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-rGTOAKc3",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through#Preposition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Across; through."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Opposed to."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-Ch8A2Q3M",
      "links": [
        [
          "Opposed",
          "oppose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Opposed to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 5 1 91 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "opposed to",
          "word": "vastaan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The damaged mainmast fell athwart the deck, destroying the ship’s boat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck."
      ],
      "id": "en-athwart-en-prep-Rickqui0",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ship",
          "ship#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "deck",
          "deck#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 6 7 12 0 68",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "across the line of a ship’s course, or across its deck",
          "word": "poikittain"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔːt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔɹt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-athwart.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "athwart"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*uds-",
        "4": "*terkʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "athwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English athwert",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "athirt"
      },
      "expansion": "athirt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "pos": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "t": "crosswise; (cooking) across the grain"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Thwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Thwert",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "þvert",
        "t": "across, athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "neuter"
      },
      "expansion": "neuter",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "þverr",
        "t": "across, transverse"
      },
      "expansion": "þverr (“across, transverse”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwerhaz",
        "t": "cross; adverse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þweraną",
        "t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þerh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "t": "to spin; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "thwart",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’",
        "t2": "placed or situated across something else"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "athort",
        "t": "athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots athort (“athwart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”).\ncognates\n* Scots athort (“athwart”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more athwart",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most athwart",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "athwart (comparative more athwart, superlative most athwart)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "overthwart"
    },
    {
      "word": "overthwartly"
    },
    {
      "word": "overthwartness"
    },
    {
      "word": "thwart"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "thwarted"
    },
    {
      "word": "thwarten"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "thwartened"
    },
    {
      "word": "thwarter"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "thwarting"
    },
    {
      "word": "thwartwise"
    },
    {
      "word": "unthwartable"
    },
    {
      "word": "unthwarted"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Above, the stars appeared to move slowly athwart.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We placed one log on the ground, and another athwart, forming a crude cross.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From side to side, often in an oblique manner; across or over."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "oblique",
          "oblique#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across#Adverb"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over#Adverb"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "overthwart"
        },
        {
          "word": "transversely"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a fleet standing athwart our course",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the path of something, so as to impede progress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "path",
          "path#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "impede",
          "impede"
        ],
        [
          "progress",
          "progress#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Against the anticipated or appropriate course of something; improperly, perversely, wrongly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Against",
          "against#Preposition"
        ],
        [
          "anticipated",
          "anticipated#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "appropriate",
          "appropriate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "improperly",
          "improperly"
        ],
        [
          "perversely",
          "perversely"
        ],
        [
          "wrongly",
          "wrongly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Against the anticipated or appropriate course of something; improperly, perversely, wrongly."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "awry"
        },
        {
          "word": "crosswise"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔːt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔɹt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-athwart.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "dwars over"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "van de ene kant naar de andere"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "on the side",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "sivulla"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "to the side",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "sivulle"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "across",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "poikki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "à travers"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "d’un coté à l’autre"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "á cadabullo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "a traveso"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "de enxirgo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "entravés"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "quer"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "di traverso"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "tōpeka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "w poprzek"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "poperjók",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "поперёк"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "jihma",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "जिह्म"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "a través"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "from side to side, often in an oblique manner — see also across",
      "word": "de lado a lado"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the path of something, so as to impede progress",
      "word": "tiellä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the path of something, so as to impede progress",
      "word": "tielle"
    }
  ],
  "word": "athwart"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "athwartship"
    },
    {
      "word": "athwartships"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*uds-",
        "4": "*terkʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "athwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English athwert",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "athirt"
      },
      "expansion": "athirt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "pos": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "t": "crosswise; (cooking) across the grain"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Thwert"
      },
      "expansion": "Thwert",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thwert",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn"
      },
      "expansion": "thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "þvert",
        "t": "across, athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "neuter"
      },
      "expansion": "neuter",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "þverr",
        "t": "across, transverse"
      },
      "expansion": "þverr (“across, transverse”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwerhaz",
        "t": "cross; adverse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þweraną",
        "t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þerh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terkʷ-",
        "t": "to spin; to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "thwart",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’",
        "t2": "placed or situated across something else"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "athort",
        "t": "athwart"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots athort (“athwart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; Counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”).\ncognates\n* Scots athort (“athwart”)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "athwart",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "athwart",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The stars moved slowly athwart the sky.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From one side to the other side of; across."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across#Preposition"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "overthwart"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Across the course or path of, so as to meet; hence (figuratively), to the attention of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "course",
          "course#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "path",
          "path#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "meet",
          "meet#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "attention",
          "attention"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, William James, “Lectures XIV and XV: The Value of Saintliness”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […], New York, N.Y., London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 330",
          "text": "It is the voice of human experience within us, judging and condemning all gods that stand athwart the pathway along which it feels itself to be advancing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “The Spectre of Revolution”, in Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945, New York, N.Y.: The Penguin Press, page 395",
          "text": "The new fashions were perforce addressed to the more prosperous young: the children of Europe’s white middle-class, who could afford records, concerts, shoes, clothes, make-up and modish hair-styling. But the presentation of these wares cut ostentatiously athwart conventional lines.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the course or path of, so as to oppose."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oppose",
          "oppose"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "7 September 2014, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, page 8]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22",
          "text": "And should the moon happen to hit its ever-shifting orbital perigee at the same time that it lies athwart from the sun, we are treated to a so-called supermoon, a full moon that can seem close enough to embrace – as much as 12 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the average full moon.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across; through."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through#Preposition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Across; through."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Opposed to."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Opposed",
          "oppose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Opposed to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The damaged mainmast fell athwart the deck, destroying the ship’s boat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ship",
          "ship#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "deck",
          "deck#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔːt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈθwɔɹt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-athwart.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-athwart.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "biʕarḍ",
      "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
      "word": "⁧بِعَرْض⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "beʕarrḍ",
      "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "⁧بعرض⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
      "word": "poikki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
      "word": "halki"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "čérez",
      "sense": "from one side to the other side of — see also across",
      "word": "че́рез"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
      "word": "tielle"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
      "word": "eteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of",
      "word": "esiin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
      "word": "tielle"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
      "word": "eteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
      "word": "vastaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "naperekór",
      "sense": "across the path or course of, so as to oppose",
      "word": "напереко́р"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "opposed to",
      "word": "vastaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "across the line of a ship’s course, or across its deck",
      "word": "poikittain"
    }
  ],
  "word": "athwart"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.