"alderman" meaning in English

See alderman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɔːldəmən/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɒl-/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɔldəɹmən/ [General-American], /ˈɑl-/ [General-American, cot-caught-merger] Audio: En-au-alderman.ogg Forms: aldermen [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English alderman, aldermon, from Old English ealdorman, ealdormann, from ealdor (“elder, parent, chief, prince, author”) + mann (“person”). See ealdorman. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂el- (grow)}}, {{inh|en|enm|alderman}} Middle English alderman, {{inh|en|ang|ealdorman}} Old English ealdorman Head templates: {{en-noun|aldermen}} alderman (plural aldermen)
  1. A member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town. Translations (member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town): ավագանու անդամ (avaganu andam) (Armenian), obecní starší [masculine] (Czech), radní [masculine] (Czech), konšel [masculine] (Czech), wethouder [masculine] (Dutch), schepen [masculine] (Dutch), skabeno (Esperanto), linnavolinik (Estonian), valtuutettu (english: current) (Finnish), raatimies [historical] (Finnish), kaupunginisä (Finnish), échevin [masculine] (French), conseiller municipal [masculine] (French), concelleiro [masculine] (Galician), concelleira [feminine] (Galician), rexedor [masculine] (Galician), rexedora [feminine] (Galician), Schöffe [masculine] (German), δημοτικός σύμβουλος (dimotikós sýmvoulos) [feminine, masculine] (Greek), skabino (Ido), aldermanno [masculine] (Italian), ławnik [masculine] (Polish), radny [masculine] (Polish), vereador [masculine] (Portuguese), vereadora [feminine] (Portuguese), edil [masculine] (Portuguese), consilier [masculine] (Romanian), consilieră [feminine] (Romanian), concejal [feminine, masculine] (Spanish), regidor [feminine, masculine] (Spanish), henadur [feminine, masculine] (Welsh), wethâlder [common-gender] (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-alderman-en-noun-wrIwWSIf Disambiguation of 'member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town': 97 2 0 1
  2. (UK, historical, slang, obsolete) A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence. Tags: UK, historical, obsolete, slang Categories (topical): Occupations
    Sense id: en-alderman-en-noun-QwxkGRCu Disambiguation of Occupations: 5 39 16 39 Categories (other): British English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -man, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Welsh translations, Terms with West Frisian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 39 5 46 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -man: 9 38 8 45 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 5 54 8 34 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 5 41 7 47 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 42 5 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 5 42 11 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 41 8 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 6 45 8 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 4 46 4 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 5 46 11 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 7 47 7 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 43 8 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 6 46 5 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 46 6 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 8 41 10 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 9 42 8 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 46 6 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 5 48 7 40 Disambiguation of Terms with West Frisian translations: 5 40 7 48
  3. (smoking) A long pipe for smoking. Categories (topical): Smoking, Occupations, People
    Sense id: en-alderman-en-noun-GenhuY8B Disambiguation of Occupations: 5 39 16 39 Disambiguation of People: 1 8 75 16 Categories (other): Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with French translations Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 5 42 11 41 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 5 46 11 38 Topics: lifestyle, smoking
  4. (US, slang) A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly. Tags: US, slang Categories (topical): Male people, Occupations
    Sense id: en-alderman-en-noun-dPD5MHKQ Disambiguation of Male people: 2 29 21 48 Disambiguation of Occupations: 5 39 16 39 Categories (other): American English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -man, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Welsh translations, Terms with West Frisian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 39 5 46 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -man: 9 38 8 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 5 41 7 47 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 42 5 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 5 42 11 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 41 8 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 6 45 8 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 4 46 4 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 5 46 11 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 7 47 7 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 43 8 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 6 46 5 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 46 6 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 8 41 10 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 9 42 8 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 44 9 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 46 6 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 5 48 7 40 Disambiguation of Terms with West Frisian translations: 5 40 7 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: baillie [Scotland]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermancy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermaness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "alderman hung in chains"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "alderman in chains"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanlike"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "alderman lizard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aldermanship"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "alderperson"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂el- (grow)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "alderman"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English alderman",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ealdorman"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ealdorman",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English alderman, aldermon, from Old English ealdorman, ealdormann, from ealdor (“elder, parent, chief, prince, author”) + mann (“person”). See ealdorman.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aldermen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aldermen"
      },
      "expansion": "alderman (plural aldermen)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ald‧er‧man"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town."
      ],
      "id": "en-alderman-en-noun-wrIwWSIf",
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "municipal",
          "municipal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "legislative body",
          "legislative body"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "avaganu andam",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "ավագանու անդամ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "obecní starší"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "radní"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "konšel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wethouder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "schepen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "skabeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "linnavolinik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "current",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "valtuutettu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "raatimies"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "kaupunginisä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "échevin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "conseiller municipal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "concelleiro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "concelleira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rexedor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rexedora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schöffe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "dimotikós sýmvoulos",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "δημοτικός σύμβουλος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "word": "skabino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aldermanno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ławnik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "radny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vereador"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vereadora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "edil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "consilier"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "consilieră"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "concejal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "regidor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "henadur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 2 0 1",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "wethâlder"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "9 39 5 46",
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          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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        {
          "_dis": "9 38 8 45",
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        {
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          "_dis": "6 44 9 41",
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          "_dis": "7 47 7 39",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 39 16 39",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "en:Occupations",
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            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1859, Snowden's magistrates assistant, page 90:",
          "text": "The price of a case (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "[1859, J. C. Hotten, A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words:",
          "text": "Half-a-crown is known as an alderman, half a bull, half a tusheroon, and a madza caroon; whilst a crown piece, or five shillings, may be called either a bull, or a caroon, or a cartwheel, or a coachwheel, or a thick-un, or a tusheroon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence."
      ],
      "id": "en-alderman-en-noun-QwxkGRCu",
      "links": [
        [
          "half-crown",
          "half-crown"
        ],
        [
          "coin",
          "coin"
        ],
        [
          "value",
          "value"
        ],
        [
          "pence",
          "old pence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, historical, slang, obsolete) A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "historical",
        "obsolete",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Smoking",
          "orig": "en:Smoking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
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          "_dis": "5 42 11 41",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 46 11 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 39 16 39",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "en:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 8 75 16",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1843, John William Carleton, The Sporting Review, volume 10, page 419:",
          "text": "In one part of Cockaigne an amalgamation of these two last has lately taken place; and the pleasure experienced by the parishioners of Walbrook is unbounded when smoking an alderman and churchwarden.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long pipe for smoking."
      ],
      "id": "en-alderman-en-noun-GenhuY8B",
      "links": [
        [
          "smoking",
          "smoking#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pipe",
          "pipe#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(smoking) A long pipe for smoking."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "smoking"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 39 5 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 38 8 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -man",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 41 7 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 42 5 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 42 11 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 41 8 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 45 8 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 46 4 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 44 9 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 44 9 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 46 11 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 44 9 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 47 7 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 43 8 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 46 5 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 46 6 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 41 10 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 42 8 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 44 9 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 46 6 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 7 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 40 7 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 29 21 48",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Male people",
          "orig": "en:Male people",
          "parents": [
            "Male",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 39 16 39",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "en:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 13, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:",
          "text": "He'd exercise, get the fat off, because if he let it go, he'd have too much on and maybe make his heart worse, and you looked like hell with an alderman. […] And she wouldn't want a guy who stuck out in front like a balloon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly."
      ],
      "id": "en-alderman-en-noun-dPD5MHKQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "large",
          "large#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "protruding",
          "protruding#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "swollen",
          "swollen#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abdomen",
          "abdomen"
        ],
        [
          "paunch",
          "paunch#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "potbelly",
          "potbelly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, slang) A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔːldəmən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɒl-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔldəɹmən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑl-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-alderman.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-au-alderman.ogg/En-au-alderman.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-au-alderman.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "baillie"
    }
  ],
  "word": "alderman"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -man",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with West Frisian translations",
    "en:Male people",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "aldermanate"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermancy"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermaness"
    },
    {
      "word": "alderman hung in chains"
    },
    {
      "word": "alderman in chains"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanic"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanity"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanlike"
    },
    {
      "word": "alderman lizard"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanly"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanry"
    },
    {
      "word": "aldermanship"
    },
    {
      "word": "alderperson"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂el- (grow)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "alderman"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English alderman",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ealdorman"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ealdorman",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English alderman, aldermon, from Old English ealdorman, ealdormann, from ealdor (“elder, parent, chief, prince, author”) + mann (“person”). See ealdorman.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aldermen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aldermen"
      },
      "expansion": "alderman (plural aldermen)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ald‧er‧man"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "municipal",
          "municipal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "legislative body",
          "legislative body"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1859, Snowden's magistrates assistant, page 90:",
          "text": "The price of a case (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "[1859, J. C. Hotten, A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words:",
          "text": "Half-a-crown is known as an alderman, half a bull, half a tusheroon, and a madza caroon; whilst a crown piece, or five shillings, may be called either a bull, or a caroon, or a cartwheel, or a coachwheel, or a thick-un, or a tusheroon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "half-crown",
          "half-crown"
        ],
        [
          "coin",
          "coin"
        ],
        [
          "value",
          "value"
        ],
        [
          "pence",
          "old pence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, historical, slang, obsolete) A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "historical",
        "obsolete",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Smoking"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1843, John William Carleton, The Sporting Review, volume 10, page 419:",
          "text": "In one part of Cockaigne an amalgamation of these two last has lately taken place; and the pleasure experienced by the parishioners of Walbrook is unbounded when smoking an alderman and churchwarden.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long pipe for smoking."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smoking",
          "smoking#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pipe",
          "pipe#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(smoking) A long pipe for smoking."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "smoking"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 13, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:",
          "text": "He'd exercise, get the fat off, because if he let it go, he'd have too much on and maybe make his heart worse, and you looked like hell with an alderman. […] And she wouldn't want a guy who stuck out in front like a balloon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "large",
          "large#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "protruding",
          "protruding#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "swollen",
          "swollen#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abdomen",
          "abdomen"
        ],
        [
          "paunch",
          "paunch#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "potbelly",
          "potbelly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, slang) A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔːldəmən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɒl-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔldəɹmən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑl-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
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      "audio": "En-au-alderman.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-au-alderman.ogg/En-au-alderman.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-au-alderman.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "baillie"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "avaganu andam",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "ավագանու անդամ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "obecní starší"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "radní"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "konšel"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wethouder"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "schepen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "skabeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "linnavolinik"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "current",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "valtuutettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "raatimies"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "kaupunginisä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "échevin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "conseiller municipal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "concelleiro"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "concelleira"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rexedor"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rexedora"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schöffe"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "dimotikós sýmvoulos",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "δημοτικός σύμβουλος"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "word": "skabino"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aldermanno"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ławnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "radny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vereador"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vereadora"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "edil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "consilier"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "consilieră"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "concejal"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "regidor"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "henadur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "wethâlder"
    }
  ],
  "word": "alderman"
}

Download raw JSONL data for alderman meaning in English (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.