"albedo" meaning in English

See albedo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ælˈbi.doʊ/ [US] Audio: En-us-albedo.ogg Forms: albedos [plural], albedoes [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₃enh₂-}}, {{bor+|en|la|albēdō||whiteness}} Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~|s|albedoes}} albedo (countable and uncountable, plural albedos or albedoes)
  1. (physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Astronomy, Meteorology, Optics, Physics Translations (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body): albedo [masculine] (Catalan), 反照率 (fǎnzhàolǜ) (Chinese Mandarin), heijastussuhde (Finnish), albédo [masculine] (French), Albedo [feminine] (German), άλβεδό (álvedó) [neuter] (Greek), धवलता (dhavaltā) (Hindi), प्रकाशानुपात (prakāśānupāt) (Hindi), ᖃᐅᒪᓂᖅ ᒪᓂᕋᒥᙶᖅᑐᖅ (Inuktitut), albedo [feminine] (Italian), 反射能 (hanshanō) (alt: はんしゃのう) (Japanese), アルベド (arubedo) (Japanese), 반사율 (bansayul) (Korean), 알베도 (albedo) (Korean), albedo (Malay), سپیدایی (sepidâyi) (Persian), albedo [neuter] (Polish), albedo [masculine] (Portuguese), albedo (Romanian), альбе́до (alʹbédo) [neuter] (Russian), albedo [masculine] (Spanish), எதிரொளிதிறன் (etiroḷitiṟaṉ) (Tamil), வெண் எகிர்சிதறல் (veṇ ekircitaṟal) (Tamil), yansıtabilirlik (Turkish), suất phản chiếu (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-albedo-en-noun--H8mNWv2 Categories (other): Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Tamil translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 11 46 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 13 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 12 47 41 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 48 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 13 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 13 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 13 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 17 45 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 13 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Tamil translations: 12 47 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 12 48 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 13 48 40 Topics: astronomy, climatology, engineering, meteorology, natural-sciences, optics, physical-sciences, physics Disambiguation of 'fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body': 92 5 3
  2. (botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Botany Translations (part of citrus fruit rind): aluskuori (Finnish), ziste [masculine] (French), albédo [masculine] (French), 귤락 (gyullak) (Korean), albedo [masculine] (Occitan), albedo [neuter] (Polish), medula [feminine] (Portuguese), albédine [feminine] (Spanish)
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  3. (alchemy) One of the four major stages of the magnum opus, involving purification of the prima materia. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Alchemy Synonyms: leucosis
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The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: albedo feature, albedometer, ice-albedo feedback, terrestrial albedo

Inflected forms

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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "albedo feature"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "albedometer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ice-albedo feedback"
    },
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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          "text": "For track, painting rails white at weak points that are more prone to buckling (where the 'critical rail temperature' is close to the 'stress free temperature' [...]) increases their albedo and can help slow how quickly they heat up, reducing their temperature by perhaps five degrees or so.",
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          ],
          "word": "Albedo"
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          "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
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          "code": "hi",
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        },
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          "word": "albedo"
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          "alt": "はんしゃのう",
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          "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
          "word": "反射能"
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            "neuter"
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          "word": "albedo"
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          "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith."
      ],
      "id": "en-albedo-en-noun-7KuI0Htu",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "whitish",
          "white"
        ],
        [
          "portion",
          "portion"
        ],
        [
          "rind",
          "rind"
        ],
        [
          "citrus",
          "citrus"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit"
        ],
        [
          "source",
          "source"
        ],
        [
          "pectin",
          "pectin"
        ],
        [
          "pith",
          "pith"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "word": "aluskuori"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ziste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "albédo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gyullak",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "word": "귤락"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "albedo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "albedo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "albédine"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Alchemy",
          "orig": "en:Alchemy",
          "parents": [
            "Forteana",
            "Pseudoscience",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 46 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 47 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 48 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 45 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 47 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 48 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of the four major stages of the magnum opus, involving purification of the prima materia."
      ],
      "id": "en-albedo-en-noun-RMo4VLMc",
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "magnum opus",
          "magnum opus"
        ],
        [
          "purification",
          "purification"
        ],
        [
          "prima materia",
          "prima materia"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy) One of the four major stages of the magnum opus, involving purification of the prima materia."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "leucosis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "pseudoscience"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ælˈbi.doʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-albedo.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/En-us-albedo.ogg/En-us-albedo.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/En-us-albedo.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "albedo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃enh₂-",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Inuktitut translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tamil translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "albedo feature"
    },
    {
      "word": "albedometer"
    },
    {
      "word": "ice-albedo feedback"
    },
    {
      "word": "terrestrial albedo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃enh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "albēdō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "whiteness"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "albedos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "albedoes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "albedoes"
      },
      "expansion": "albedo (countable and uncountable, plural albedos or albedoes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "al‧be‧do"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Astronomy",
        "en:Meteorology",
        "en:Optics",
        "en:Physics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2022 August 10, Gareth Dennis, “How can we run trains when the heat is on?”, in RAIL, number 963, page 45:",
          "text": "For track, painting rails white at weak points that are more prone to buckling (where the 'critical rail temperature' is close to the 'stress free temperature' [...]) increases their albedo and can help slow how quickly they heat up, reducing their temperature by perhaps five degrees or so.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "meteorology",
          "meteorology"
        ],
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "optics",
          "optics"
        ],
        [
          "fraction",
          "fraction"
        ],
        [
          "incident",
          "incident"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ],
        [
          "radiation",
          "radiation"
        ],
        [
          "reflect",
          "reflect"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body"
        ],
        [
          "percentage",
          "percentage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "climatology",
        "engineering",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "optics",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "whitish",
          "white"
        ],
        [
          "portion",
          "portion"
        ],
        [
          "rind",
          "rind"
        ],
        [
          "citrus",
          "citrus"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit"
        ],
        [
          "source",
          "source"
        ],
        [
          "pectin",
          "pectin"
        ],
        [
          "pith",
          "pith"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Alchemy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of the four major stages of the magnum opus, involving purification of the prima materia."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "magnum opus",
          "magnum opus"
        ],
        [
          "purification",
          "purification"
        ],
        [
          "prima materia",
          "prima materia"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy) One of the four major stages of the magnum opus, involving purification of the prima materia."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "leucosis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "pseudoscience"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ælˈbi.doʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-albedo.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/En-us-albedo.ogg/En-us-albedo.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/En-us-albedo.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fǎnzhàolǜ",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "反照率"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "heijastussuhde"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albédo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "álvedó",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "άλβεδό"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "dhavaltā",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "धवलता"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "prakāśānupāt",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "प्रकाशानुपात"
    },
    {
      "code": "iu",
      "lang": "Inuktitut",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "ᖃᐅᒪᓂᖅ ᒪᓂᕋᒥᙶᖅᑐᖅ"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "はんしゃのう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hanshanō",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "反射能"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "arubedo",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "アルベド"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bansayul",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "반사율"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "albedo",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "알베도"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sepidâyi",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "سپیدایی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "alʹbédo",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "альбе́до"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "etiroḷitiṟaṉ",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "எதிரொளிதிறன்"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "veṇ ekircitaṟal",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "வெண் எகிர்சிதறல்"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "yansıtabilirlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body",
      "word": "suất phản chiếu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "word": "aluskuori"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ziste"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albédo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gyullak",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "word": "귤락"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "albedo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "part of citrus fruit rind",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "albédine"
    }
  ],
  "word": "albedo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for albedo meaning in English (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.