"Melanesia" meaning in English

See Melanesia in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav
Etymology: From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|Mélanésie}} French Mélanésie, {{der|en|grc|μέλας||dark}} Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Melanesia
  1. A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. Wikipedia link: Jules Dumont d'Urville, Melanesia Categories (place): Regions of Oceania Holonyms: Austronesia, Oceania Related terms: Melanie Coordinate_terms: Micronesia, Polynesia Translations (part of Oceania): Melanesië (Afrikaans), Melanesia [feminine] (Albanian), መላኔዥያ (mälanežya) (Amharic), مِيلَانِيزِيَا (mīlānīziyā) [feminine] (Arabic), Մելանեզիա (Melanezia) (Armenian), Melaneziya (Azerbaijani), Мелане́зія (Mjelanjézija) [feminine] (Belarusian), Мэланэ́зія (Melanézija) [feminine] (Belarusian), Мелане́зия (Melanézija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), မီလန်နီးရှား (milanni:hra:) (Burmese), Melanèsia [feminine] (Catalan), 美拉尼西亞 (Chinese Mandarin), 美拉尼西亚 (Měilāníxīyà) (Chinese Mandarin), Melanésie [feminine] (Czech), Melanesien [neuter] (Danish), Melanesië [neuter] (Dutch), Melanezio (Esperanto), Melaneesia (Estonian), Melanesia (Finnish), Mélanésie [feminine] (French), მელანეზია (melanezia) (Georgian), Melanesien [neuter] (German), Μελανησία (Melanisía) [feminine] (Greek), מֶלַנֶזיה (melanézya) [feminine] (Hebrew), मॅलानिशिया (mĕlāniśiyā) [masculine] (Hindi), Melanézia (Hungarian), Melanesía (Icelandic), Melenasia (Indonesian), an Mheilinéis [feminine] (Irish), Melanesia [feminine] (Italian), メラネシア (Meraneshia) (Japanese), Меланезия (Melaneziä) (Kazakh), 멜라네시아 (Mellanesia) (Korean), Меланезия (Melaneziya) (Kyrgyz), ເມລາເນຊີ (mē lā nē sī) (Lao), Melanēzija [feminine] (Latvian), Melanezija [feminine] (Lithuanian), Меланезија (Melanezija) [feminine] (Macedonian), Melanesia (Malay), Meranihia (Maori), Меланези (Melanezi) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), Melanezya (Northern Kurdish), Melanesia (Norwegian Bokmål), Melanesia (Norwegian Nynorsk), ملانزی (melânezi) (Persian), Melanezja [feminine] (Polish), Melanésia [feminine] (Portuguese), Melanezia (Romanian), Мелане́зия (Melanɛ́zija) [feminine] (Russian), Мела̀не̄зија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), Melànēzija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), Melanézia [feminine] (Slovak), Melanezija [feminine] (Slovene), Melanesia [feminine] (Spanish), Melanesien [neuter] (Swedish), Timpuluan (Tagalog), Melanesya (Tagalog), Меланезия (Myelaneziya) (Tajik), Меланезия (Melaneziyä) (Tatar), เมลานีเซีย (mee-laa-nii-siia) (Thai), Melanezya (Turkish), Melaneziýa (Turkmen), Мелане́зія (Melanézija) [feminine] (Ukrainian), میلانیشیا (melāniśiyā) [masculine] (Urdu), مېلانېزىيە (mëlanëziye) (Uyghur), Melaneziya (Uzbek), Mê-la-nê-di (Vietnamese), Bläga-Seanuäns (Volapük), מעלאַנעזיע (melanezye) [neuter] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-Melanesia-en-name-59xyh-8J Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Amharic translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Burmese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Kyrgyz translations, Terms with Lao translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Tajik translations, Terms with Tatar translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Turkmen translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Urdu translations, Terms with Uyghur translations, Terms with Uzbek translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Volapük translations, Terms with Yiddish translations, Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Mélanésie"
      },
      "expansion": "French Mélanésie",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μέλας",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Melanesia",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Mel‧a‧ne‧sia"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Amharic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lao translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Thai translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Regions of Oceania",
          "orig": "en:Regions of Oceania",
          "parents": [
            "Regions",
            "Places",
            "Oceania",
            "Political subdivisions",
            "Names",
            "Earth",
            "Polities",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "Micronesia"
        },
        {
          "word": "Polynesia"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Mary N. MacDonald, “Thinking and teaching with the indigenous traditions of Melanesia”, in Beyond primitivism: indigenous religious traditions and modernity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 315:",
          "text": "My job, then, is that of a cultural and religious broker of sorts, co-opting Melanesia to serve as a stimulus to thought in Le Moyne classrooms.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji."
      ],
      "holonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Austronesia"
        },
        {
          "word": "Oceania"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-Melanesia-en-name-59xyh-8J",
      "links": [
        [
          "Oceania",
          "Oceania#English"
        ],
        [
          "New Guinea",
          "New Guinea"
        ],
        [
          "Bismarck Archipelago",
          "Bismarck Archipelago"
        ],
        [
          "Solomon Islands",
          "Solomon Islands"
        ],
        [
          "New Caledonia",
          "New Caledonia"
        ],
        [
          "Vanuatu",
          "Vanuatu"
        ],
        [
          "Fiji",
          "Fiji"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "Melanie"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesië"
        },
        {
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "am",
          "lang": "Amharic",
          "roman": "mälanežya",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "መላኔዥያ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mīlānīziyā",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مِيلَانِيزِيَا"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "Melanezia",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Մելանեզիա"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melaneziya"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "Mjelanjézija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мелане́зія"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "Melanézija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мэланэ́зія"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "Melanézija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мелане́зия"
        },
        {
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "milanni:hra:",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "မီလန်နီးရှား"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanèsia"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "美拉尼西亞"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "Měilāníxīyà",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "美拉尼西亚"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanésie"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesien"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesië"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanezio"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melaneesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Mélanésie"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "melanezia",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "მელანეზია"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesien"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "Melanisía",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Μελανησία"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "melanézya",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "מֶלַנֶזיה"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "mĕlāniśiyā",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "मॅलानिशिया"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanézia"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesía"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melenasia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "an Mheilinéis"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "Meraneshia",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "メラネシア"
        },
        {
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "Melaneziä",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Меланезия"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "Mellanesia",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "멜라네시아"
        },
        {
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanezya"
        },
        {
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "Melaneziya",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Меланезия"
        },
        {
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "mē lā nē sī",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "ເມລາເນຊີ"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanēzija"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanezija"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "Melanezija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Меланезија"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Meranihia"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "Melanezi",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "Меланези"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "melânezi",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "ملانزی"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanezja"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanésia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanezia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "Melanɛ́zija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мелане́зия"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мела̀не̄зија"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melànēzija"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanézia"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanezija"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesia"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Melanesien"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Timpuluan"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanesya"
        },
        {
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "Myelaneziya",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Меланезия"
        },
        {
          "code": "tt",
          "lang": "Tatar",
          "roman": "Melaneziyä",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Меланезия"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "mee-laa-nii-siia",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "เมลานีเซีย"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melanezya"
        },
        {
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melaneziýa"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "Melanézija",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Мелане́зія"
        },
        {
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "melāniśiyā",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "میلانیشیا"
        },
        {
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "mëlanëziye",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "مېلانېزىيە"
        },
        {
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Melaneziya"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Mê-la-nê-di"
        },
        {
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "word": "Bläga-Seanuäns"
        },
        {
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "melanezye",
          "sense": "part of Oceania",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "מעלאַנעזיע"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Jules Dumont d'Urville",
        "Melanesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Melanesia"
}
{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "Micronesia"
    },
    {
      "word": "Polynesia"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Mélanésie"
      },
      "expansion": "French Mélanésie",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μέλας",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Melanesia",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Austronesia"
    },
    {
      "word": "Oceania"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Mel‧a‧ne‧sia"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Melanie"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English proper nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from French",
        "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "English terms derived from French",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:English/iːʒə",
        "Rhymes:English/iːʒə/4 syllables",
        "Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
        "Terms with Albanian translations",
        "Terms with Amharic translations",
        "Terms with Arabic translations",
        "Terms with Armenian translations",
        "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
        "Terms with Belarusian translations",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Burmese translations",
        "Terms with Catalan translations",
        "Terms with Czech translations",
        "Terms with Danish translations",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with Esperanto translations",
        "Terms with Estonian translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Georgian translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Greek translations",
        "Terms with Hebrew translations",
        "Terms with Hindi translations",
        "Terms with Hungarian translations",
        "Terms with Icelandic translations",
        "Terms with Indonesian translations",
        "Terms with Irish translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Kazakh translations",
        "Terms with Korean translations",
        "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
        "Terms with Lao translations",
        "Terms with Latvian translations",
        "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
        "Terms with Macedonian translations",
        "Terms with Malay translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Maori translations",
        "Terms with Mongolian translations",
        "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
        "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
        "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
        "Terms with Persian translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Romanian translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
        "Terms with Slovak translations",
        "Terms with Slovene translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations",
        "Terms with Tagalog translations",
        "Terms with Tajik translations",
        "Terms with Tatar translations",
        "Terms with Thai translations",
        "Terms with Turkish translations",
        "Terms with Turkmen translations",
        "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
        "Terms with Urdu translations",
        "Terms with Uyghur translations",
        "Terms with Uzbek translations",
        "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
        "Terms with Volapük translations",
        "Terms with Yiddish translations",
        "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "en:Regions of Oceania"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Mary N. MacDonald, “Thinking and teaching with the indigenous traditions of Melanesia”, in Beyond primitivism: indigenous religious traditions and modernity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 315:",
          "text": "My job, then, is that of a cultural and religious broker of sorts, co-opting Melanesia to serve as a stimulus to thought in Le Moyne classrooms.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Oceania",
          "Oceania#English"
        ],
        [
          "New Guinea",
          "New Guinea"
        ],
        [
          "Bismarck Archipelago",
          "Bismarck Archipelago"
        ],
        [
          "Solomon Islands",
          "Solomon Islands"
        ],
        [
          "New Caledonia",
          "New Caledonia"
        ],
        [
          "Vanuatu",
          "Vanuatu"
        ],
        [
          "Fiji",
          "Fiji"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Jules Dumont d'Urville",
        "Melanesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Melanesia.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesië"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "am",
      "lang": "Amharic",
      "roman": "mälanežya",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "መላኔዥያ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mīlānīziyā",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مِيلَانِيزِيَا"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "Melanezia",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Մելանեզիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melaneziya"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "Mjelanjézija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мелане́зія"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "Melanézija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мэланэ́зія"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "Melanézija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мелане́зия"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "milanni:hra:",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "မီလန်နီးရှား"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanèsia"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "美拉尼西亞"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Měilāníxīyà",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "美拉尼西亚"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanésie"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesien"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesië"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanezio"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melaneesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mélanésie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "melanezia",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "მელანეზია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesien"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Melanisía",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Μελανησία"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "melanézya",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מֶלַנֶזיה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "mĕlāniśiyā",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "मॅलानिशिया"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanézia"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesía"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melenasia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "an Mheilinéis"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "Meraneshia",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "メラネシア"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "Melaneziä",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Меланезия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "Mellanesia",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "멜라네시아"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanezya"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "Melaneziya",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Меланезия"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "mē lā nē sī",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "ເມລາເນຊີ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanēzija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanezija"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "Melanezija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Меланезија"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Meranihia"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "Melanezi",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "Меланези"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "melânezi",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "ملانزی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanezja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanésia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanezia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "Melanɛ́zija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мелане́зия"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мела̀не̄зија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melànēzija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanézia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanezija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Melanesien"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Timpuluan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanesya"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "Myelaneziya",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Меланезия"
    },
    {
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "Melaneziyä",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Меланезия"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "mee-laa-nii-siia",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "เมลานีเซีย"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melanezya"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melaneziýa"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "Melanézija",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Мелане́зія"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "melāniśiyā",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "میلانیشیا"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "mëlanëziye",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "مېلانېزىيە"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Melaneziya"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Mê-la-nê-di"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "word": "Bläga-Seanuäns"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "melanezye",
      "sense": "part of Oceania",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "מעלאַנעזיע"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Melanesia"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Melanesia meaning in English (12.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.