See Kaluga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"3": "Калу́га"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian Калу́га (Kalúga).",
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],
"glosses": [
"An oblast of Russia."
],
"id": "en-Kaluga-en-name-OjclRk6j",
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[
"oblast",
"oblast"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
]
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{
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"kind": "place",
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"_dis": "6 94",
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"_dis": "6 94",
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],
"glosses": [
"A city, an administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia."
],
"id": "en-Kaluga-en-name-YJ7-F-4~",
"links": [
[
"Kaluga",
"Kaluga#English"
],
[
"Russia",
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]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kalūḡā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَالُوغَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Kaluga"
],
"word": "Կալուգա"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Kalúha",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Kǎlújiā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "卡盧加 /卡卢加"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kalouga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳaluga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "კალუგა"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kalugā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "कलुगा"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Karūga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "カルーガ"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Kalluga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "칼루가"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaługa"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калуга"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Kalúha",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "Kaluga"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
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"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "Калу́га"
},
"expansion": "Russian Калу́га (Kalúga)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian Калу́га (Kalúga).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Kaluga",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"en:Oblasts of Russia",
"en:Places in Russia"
],
"glosses": [
"An oblast of Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"oblast",
"oblast"
],
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"en:Places in Kaluga Oblast",
"en:Places in Russia"
],
"glosses": [
"A city, an administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"Kaluga",
"Kaluga#English"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
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]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kalūḡā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَالُوغَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Kaluga"
],
"word": "Կալուգա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Kalúha",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Kǎlújiā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "卡盧加 /卡卢加"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kalouga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳaluga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "კალუგა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kalugā",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "कलुगा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Karūga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "カルーガ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Kalluga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "칼루가"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaługa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Kalúga",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калуга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Kaluga"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Kalúha",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Калу́га"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kaluga"
],
"word": "Kaluga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Kaluga meaning in English (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.