"-ty" meaning in English

See -ty in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -ty, from Old English -tiġ (“-ty”), from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz (“group of ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-, *déḱm̥ (“ten”). Cognate with Scots -ty (“-ty”), West Frisian -tich (“-ty”), Dutch -tig (“-ty”), German -zig (“-ty”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”). Related to ten. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-ty}} Middle English -ty, {{inh|en|ang|-tiġ||-ty}} Old English -tiġ (“-ty”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*tigiwiz}} Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, {{m|gem-pro|*teguz||group of ten}} *teguz (“group of ten”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*deḱ-}} Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-, {{m|ine-pro|*déḱm̥||ten}} *déḱm̥ (“ten”), {{cog|sco|-ty||-ty}} Scots -ty (“-ty”), {{cog|fy|-tich||-ty}} West Frisian -tich (“-ty”), {{cog|nl|-tig||-ty}} Dutch -tig (“-ty”), {{cog|de|-zig||-ty}} German -zig (“-ty”), {{cog|got|𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃||group of ten, decade}} Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”), {{l|en|ten}} ten Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ty, {{en-suffix}} -ty
  1. Nonproductive suffix indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten Tags: morpheme Derived forms: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety Translations (multiples of ten): ⁧ـُونَ⁩ (-ūna) (Arabic), ⁧ـِينَ⁩ (-īna) (Arabic), ...十 (...shí) (Chinese Mandarin), -ti (Danish), -tig (Dutch), -dek (Esperanto), -kümmend (Estonian), -kend [slang] (Estonian), -zig (German), -ven (40, 50, 70, 90) (Hungarian), -van (60, 80) (Hungarian), ...十 (...jū) (alt: ...じゅう) (Japanese), ...십 (english: ...sip) (Korean), puluh (Malay), -ti (Norwegian Bokmål), -ti (Norwegian Nynorsk), -дцать (-dcatʹ) (Russian), -деся́т (-desját) (Russian), mươi (Vietnamese), -tich (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en--ty-en-suffix-en:multiple
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -te, from Old French -te, from Latin -tās, -tātem. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-te|}} Middle English -te, {{der|en|fro|-te}} Old French -te, {{der|en|la|-tas|-tās, -tātem}} Latin -tās, -tātem Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ty, {{en-suffix}} -ty
  1. Alternative form of -ity, used to form abstract nouns from adjectives Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -ity, used to form abstract nouns from adjectives
    Sense id: en--ty-en-suffix-DToTVDG7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for -ty meaning in English (5.4kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ty",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-tiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -tiġ (“-ty”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tigiwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*teguz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of ten"
      },
      "expansion": "*teguz (“group of ten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*deḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*déḱm̥",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ten"
      },
      "expansion": "*déḱm̥ (“ten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "-ty",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots -ty (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "-tich",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian -tich (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-tig",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -tig (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-zig",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "German -zig (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of ten, decade"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ten"
      },
      "expansion": "ten",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ty, from Old English -tiġ (“-ty”), from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz (“group of ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-, *déḱm̥ (“ten”). Cognate with Scots -ty (“-ty”), West Frisian -tich (“-ty”), Dutch -tig (“-ty”), German -zig (“-ty”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”). Related to ten.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "twenty"
        },
        {
          "word": "thirty"
        },
        {
          "word": "forty"
        },
        {
          "word": "fifty"
        },
        {
          "word": "sixty"
        },
        {
          "word": "seventy"
        },
        {
          "word": "eighty"
        },
        {
          "word": "ninety"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nonproductive suffix indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten"
      ],
      "id": "en--ty-en-suffix-en:multiple",
      "links": [
        [
          "Nonproductive",
          "nonproductive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:multiple"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "-ūna",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "⁧ـُونَ⁩"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "-īna",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "⁧ـِينَ⁩"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "...shí",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "...十"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-ti"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-tig"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-dek"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-kümmend"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "tags": [
            "slang"
          ],
          "word": "-kend"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-zig"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-ven (40, 50, 70, 90)"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-van (60, 80)"
        },
        {
          "alt": "...じゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "...jū",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "...十"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "english": "...sip",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "...십"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "puluh"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-ti"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-ti"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-dcatʹ",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-дцать"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-desját",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-деся́т"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "mươi"
        },
        {
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "multiples of ten",
          "word": "-tich"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-te",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -te",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-te"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -te",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-tas",
        "4": "-tās, -tātem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -tās, -tātem",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -te, from Old French -te, from Latin -tās, -tātem.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ity"
        },
        {
          "word": "used to form abstract nouns from adjectives"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "subtle + -ty → subtlety",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ity, used to form abstract nouns from adjectives"
      ],
      "id": "en--ty-en-suffix-DToTVDG7",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ity",
          "-ity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "twenty"
    },
    {
      "word": "thirty"
    },
    {
      "word": "forty"
    },
    {
      "word": "fifty"
    },
    {
      "word": "sixty"
    },
    {
      "word": "seventy"
    },
    {
      "word": "eighty"
    },
    {
      "word": "ninety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ty",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-tiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -tiġ (“-ty”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tigiwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*teguz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of ten"
      },
      "expansion": "*teguz (“group of ten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*deḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*déḱm̥",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ten"
      },
      "expansion": "*déḱm̥ (“ten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "-ty",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots -ty (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "-tich",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian -tich (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-tig",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -tig (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-zig",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ty"
      },
      "expansion": "German -zig (“-ty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of ten, decade"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ten"
      },
      "expansion": "ten",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ty, from Old English -tiġ (“-ty”), from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz (“group of ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-, *déḱm̥ (“ten”). Cognate with Scots -ty (“-ty”), West Frisian -tich (“-ty”), Dutch -tig (“-ty”), German -zig (“-ty”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”). Related to ten.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Nonproductive suffix indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Nonproductive",
          "nonproductive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:multiple"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "-ūna",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "⁧ـُونَ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "-īna",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "⁧ـِينَ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "...shí",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "...十"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-ti"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-tig"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-dek"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-kümmend"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "-kend"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-zig"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-ven (40, 50, 70, 90)"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-van (60, 80)"
    },
    {
      "alt": "...じゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "...jū",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "...十"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "english": "...sip",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "...십"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "puluh"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-ti"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-ti"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-dcatʹ",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-дцать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-desját",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-деся́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "mươi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "multiples of ten",
      "word": "-tich"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-te",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -te",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-te"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -te",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-tas",
        "4": "-tās, -tātem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -tās, -tātem",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -te, from Old French -te, from Latin -tās, -tātem.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ity"
        },
        {
          "word": "used to form abstract nouns from adjectives"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "subtle + -ty → subtlety",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ity, used to form abstract nouns from adjectives"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ity",
          "-ity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}
{
  "called_from": "page/2517",
  "msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: suffixsee {1: 'en'}",
  "path": [
    "-ty",
    "suffixsee"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ty",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.