See 面對 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "面對"
},
"expansion": "面對",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "면대(面對)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "面對",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "面對",
"2": "",
"3": "면대",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "面對",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "面對",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "面對",
"v": "面對",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "면대"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "面对",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "面對",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to face reality",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "miànduì xiànshí",
"text": "面對現實",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to face reality",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "miànduì xiànshí",
"text": "面对现实",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to face; to confront"
],
"id": "en-面對-zh-verb-yJOgUjwk",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"confront",
"confront"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "miànduìmiàn",
"word": "面對面"
},
{
"roman": "miànduìmiàn",
"word": "面对面"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cháoxiàng",
"word": "朝向"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正視"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正视"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直視"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直视"
},
{
"roman": "zhímiàn",
"word": "直面"
},
{
"word": "迎"
},
{
"roman": "miànxiàng",
"word": "面向"
},
{
"roman": "miànlín",
"word": "面臨"
},
{
"roman": "miànlín",
"word": "面临"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ deoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-tui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ dui³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mêng⁷ dui³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-tui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-dwèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miannduey"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньдуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹduj"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn deui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ doey³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ dêu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² tɵy̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-tui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien dui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ dui⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ tu̯i⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tuì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnduix"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tuì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexnduix"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mēng tùi"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/meŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² tɵy̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ tu̯i⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/meŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/"
}
],
"word": "面對"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "面對"
},
"expansion": "面對",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "면대(面對)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "面對",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "面對",
"2": "",
"3": "면대",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "面對",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "面對",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "面對",
"v": "面對",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "면대"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (面對):\n* → Korean: 면대(面對) (myeondae)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "面对",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "面對",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "miànduìmiàn",
"word": "面對面"
},
{
"roman": "miànduìmiàn",
"word": "面对面"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 對",
"Chinese terms spelled with 面",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to face reality",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "miànduì xiànshí",
"text": "面對現實",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to face reality",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "miànduì xiànshí",
"text": "面对现实",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to face; to confront"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"confront",
"confront"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ deoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-tui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ dui³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mêng⁷ dui³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànduèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-tui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-dwèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miannduey"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньдуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹduj"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn deui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ doey³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ dêu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² tɵy̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-tui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien dui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ dui⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ tu̯i⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tuì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnduix"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tuì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexnduix"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng tùi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mēng tùi"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/meŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² tɵy̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ tu̯i⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² tui⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ tui¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ tui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/meŋ¹¹ tui²¹³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cháoxiàng",
"word": "朝向"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正視"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正视"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直視"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直视"
},
{
"roman": "zhímiàn",
"word": "直面"
},
{
"word": "迎"
},
{
"roman": "miànxiàng",
"word": "面向"
},
{
"roman": "miànlín",
"word": "面臨"
},
{
"roman": "miànlín",
"word": "面临"
}
],
"word": "面對"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 面對 meaning in Chinese (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"面對"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "面對",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%8D'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"面對"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "面對",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.