"涯" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /jä³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /ŋaːi̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ŋai̯¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ŋaɪ¹¹/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /ŋai⁵³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ɡai²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen], /ɡai¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /ɡai²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ɡa²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Xiamen], /ŋai⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /jä³⁵/, /ŋaːi̯²¹/, /ŋai̯¹¹/, /ŋaɪ¹¹/, /ŋai⁵³/, /ɡai²⁴/, /ɡai¹³/, /ɡai²³/, /ɡa²⁴/, /ŋai⁵⁵/, /ɦia²³/ Chinese transliterations: yá [Mandarin, Pinyin], ya² [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄧㄚˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ngaai⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ngài [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], ngai² [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], ngài, gâi [Hokkien, POJ], gâ [Hokkien, POJ], ngai⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁶ya, yá [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], yá [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], ya² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], yá [Mandarin, Yale], ya [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], я [Mandarin, Palladius], ja [Mandarin, Palladius], ngàaih [Cantonese, Yale], ngaai⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ngai⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ngài [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], ngaiˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ngai² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ngài [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], gâi [Hokkien, Tai-lo], gaai [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], gâ [Hokkien, Tai-lo], gaa [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], ngâi [POJ, Teochew], ⁶ya [Wu], ya^去 [Wu], ³hhia [Wu], /ɦia²³/ [Wu], ngje [Middle-Chinese], ngea [Middle-Chinese], /*ŋˤrar/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*ŋreː/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang], /*ŋre/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014). Same word as 崖 (yá, “cliff”) and 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Etymology templates: {{m|und|*ŋ(ˤ)rar||slope, nearly vertical side}} *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), {{och-l|巘|hill|tr=*ŋ(r)ar(ʔ)}} 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), {{och-l|山|mountain|tr=*s-ŋrar}} 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), {{och-l|顏|forehead|tr=*C.ŋˤrar}} 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”), {{zh-ref|Baxter & Sagart, 2014}} Baxter & Sagart, 2014, {{zh-l|崖|cliff}} 崖 (yá, “cliff”), {{zh-l|睚|rim (of the eye)}} 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”), {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 涯
  1. (literary, or in compounds) bank; shore Tags: in-compounds, literary
    Sense id: en-涯-zh-character-OQAtEmog
  2. (literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin Tags: in-compounds, literary
    Sense id: en-涯-zh-character-ml6lgvTp Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Synonyms: 墘頭 [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Xiamen], 墘头 [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Xiamen], (yá) [in-compounds, literary], 沿子 (yánzi), 沿邊 (yánbiān), 沿边 (yánbiān), 界線 (jièxiàn), 界线 (jièxiàn), 端倪 (duānní) [literary], (biān), (biān), 邊墘 [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Xiamen], 边墘 [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Xiamen], 邊沿 (biānyán), 边沿 (biānyán), 邊緣 (biānyuán), 边缘 (biānyuán), 邊角 (biānjiǎo), 边角 (biānjiǎo), 邊際 (biānjì), 边际 (biānjì) Derived forms: 不自涯, 咫尺天涯, 地角天涯, 天涯 (tiānyá), 天涯咫尺, 天涯地角 (tiānyá dìjiǎo), 天涯海角 (tiānyáhǎijiǎo), 天涯知己, 明日天涯, 橫無際涯, 横无际涯, 水涯, 津涯, 海角天涯, 浪跡天涯, 浪迹天涯, 涯分, 涯涘, 涯詞, 涯词, 涯際, 涯际, 無涯 (wúyá), 无涯 (wúyá), 生涯 (shēngyá), 皮肉生涯, 神女生涯, 筆墨生涯, 笔墨生涯, 苦海無涯, 苦海无涯, 際涯, 际涯

Download JSON data for 涯 meaning in Chinese (8.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "不自涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "咫尺天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "地角天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tiānyá",
      "word": "天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "天涯咫尺"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tiānyá dìjiǎo",
      "word": "天涯地角"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tiānyáhǎijiǎo",
      "word": "天涯海角"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "天涯知己"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "明日天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "橫無際涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "横无际涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "水涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "津涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "海角天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "浪跡天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "浪迹天涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯分"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯涘"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯詞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯词"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯際"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "涯际"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wúyá",
      "word": "無涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wúyá",
      "word": "无涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shēngyá",
      "word": "生涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "皮肉生涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "神女生涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "筆墨生涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "笔墨生涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "苦海無涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "苦海无涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "際涯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "际涯"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ŋ(ˤ)rar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "slope, nearly vertical side"
      },
      "expansion": "*ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "巘",
        "2": "hill",
        "tr": "*ŋ(r)ar(ʔ)"
      },
      "expansion": "巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "山",
        "2": "mountain",
        "tr": "*s-ŋrar"
      },
      "expansion": "山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "顏",
        "2": "forehead",
        "tr": "*C.ŋˤrar"
      },
      "expansion": "顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter & Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter & Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "崖",
        "2": "cliff"
      },
      "expansion": "崖 (yá, “cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "睚",
        "2": "rim (of the eye)"
      },
      "expansion": "睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).\nSame word as 崖 (yá, “cliff”) and 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "涯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "bank; shore"
      ],
      "id": "en-涯-zh-character-OQAtEmog",
      "links": [
        [
          "bank",
          "bank"
        ],
        [
          "shore",
          "shore"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, or in compounds) bank; shore"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "limit; boundary; margin"
      ],
      "id": "en-涯-zh-character-ml6lgvTp",
      "links": [
        [
          "limit",
          "limit"
        ],
        [
          "boundary",
          "boundary"
        ],
        [
          "margin",
          "margin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄚˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaai⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "я"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ja"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jä³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàaih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaai⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːi̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaiˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai̯¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaɪ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaai"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaa"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡa²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngâi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³hhia"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ɦia²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngje"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngea"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋˤrar/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋreː/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋre/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jä³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːi̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai̯¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaɪ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡa²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɦia²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋˤrar/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋreː/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋre/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "墘頭"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "墘头"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yá",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "崖"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánzi",
      "word": "沿子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánbiān",
      "word": "沿邊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánbiān",
      "word": "沿边"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jièxiàn",
      "word": "界線"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jièxiàn",
      "word": "界线"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "duānní",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "端倪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biān",
      "word": "邊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biān",
      "word": "边"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "邊墘"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "边墘"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānyán",
      "word": "邊沿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānyán",
      "word": "边沿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānyuán",
      "word": "邊緣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānyuán",
      "word": "边缘"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānjiǎo",
      "word": "邊角"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānjiǎo",
      "word": "边角"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānjì",
      "word": "邊際"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biānjì",
      "word": "边际"
    }
  ],
  "word": "涯"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "不自涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "咫尺天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "地角天涯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānyá",
      "word": "天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "天涯咫尺"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānyá dìjiǎo",
      "word": "天涯地角"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānyáhǎijiǎo",
      "word": "天涯海角"
    },
    {
      "word": "天涯知己"
    },
    {
      "word": "明日天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "橫無際涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "横无际涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "水涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "津涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "海角天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "浪跡天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "浪迹天涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯分"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯涘"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯詞"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯词"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯際"
    },
    {
      "word": "涯际"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wúyá",
      "word": "無涯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wúyá",
      "word": "无涯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēngyá",
      "word": "生涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "皮肉生涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "神女生涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "筆墨生涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "笔墨生涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "苦海無涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "苦海无涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "際涯"
    },
    {
      "word": "际涯"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ŋ(ˤ)rar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "slope, nearly vertical side"
      },
      "expansion": "*ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "巘",
        "2": "hill",
        "tr": "*ŋ(r)ar(ʔ)"
      },
      "expansion": "巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "山",
        "2": "mountain",
        "tr": "*s-ŋrar"
      },
      "expansion": "山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "顏",
        "2": "forehead",
        "tr": "*C.ŋˤrar"
      },
      "expansion": "顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter & Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter & Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "崖",
        "2": "cliff"
      },
      "expansion": "崖 (yá, “cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "睚",
        "2": "rim (of the eye)"
      },
      "expansion": "睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).\nSame word as 崖 (yá, “cliff”) and 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "涯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bank; shore"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bank",
          "bank"
        ],
        [
          "shore",
          "shore"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, or in compounds) bank; shore"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "limit; boundary; margin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "limit",
          "limit"
        ],
        [
          "boundary",
          "boundary"
        ],
        [
          "margin",
          "margin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄚˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaai⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "я"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ja"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jä³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàaih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaai⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːi̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaiˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai̯¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaɪ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngài"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaai"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaa"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡa²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngâi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶ya"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ya^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³hhia"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ɦia²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngje"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngea"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋˤrar/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋreː/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋre/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jä³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːi̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai̯¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaɪ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡai²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡa²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɦia²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋˤrar/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋreː/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋre/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "墘頭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "墘头"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yá",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "崖"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánzi",
      "word": "沿子"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánbiān",
      "word": "沿邊"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánbiān",
      "word": "沿边"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jièxiàn",
      "word": "界線"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jièxiàn",
      "word": "界线"
    },
    {
      "roman": "duānní",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "端倪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biān",
      "word": "邊"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biān",
      "word": "边"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "邊墘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "边墘"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānyán",
      "word": "邊沿"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānyán",
      "word": "边沿"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānyuán",
      "word": "邊緣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānyuán",
      "word": "边缘"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānjiǎo",
      "word": "邊角"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānjiǎo",
      "word": "边角"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānjì",
      "word": "邊際"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biānjì",
      "word": "边际"
    }
  ],
  "word": "涯"
}

{
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "𠊎"
  ],
  "word": "涯"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "涯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "涯/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"𠊎\"], \"word\": \"涯\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "soft-redirect",
  "title": "涯",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.