See pena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a penes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena capital"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
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"g3": "",
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},
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}
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"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-b7d48KWB",
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],
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],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-3r~FQwMw",
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[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) penalty"
],
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"law"
]
},
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],
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"sorrow",
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"pain",
"pain"
]
],
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"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-7nnw7lRS",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-sMmkp5Bt",
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
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"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
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"pos": "",
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"ts": ""
},
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},
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"args": {
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}
],
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}
],
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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[
"peen",
"peen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
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],
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}
],
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],
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"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"yard",
"yard"
]
],
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"(nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
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"feminine"
],
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"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"Central"
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},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
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"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
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"expansion": "Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
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}
],
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{
"form": "penes",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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],
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{
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{
"extra": "large rock",
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}
],
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"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-42vPc1tM",
"links": [
[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
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}
],
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"expansion": "pena",
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}
],
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 2 8 1 3 0 1 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 0 11 2 1 0 1",
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"word": "penar"
}
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"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
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"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
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[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
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],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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},
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"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
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"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "a penes"
},
{
"word": "pena capital"
},
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
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},
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
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{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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],
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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],
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},
{
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"law",
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"penalty",
"penalty"
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],
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"(law) penalty"
],
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"feminine"
],
"topics": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grief, sorrow, pain"
],
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"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
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],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
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{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
],
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"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pity",
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]
],
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"feminine"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
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"expansion": "Latin pinna (“fin”)",
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],
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peen (of a hammer)"
],
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[
"peen",
"peen"
]
],
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]
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{
"categories": [
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],
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],
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"aft",
"aft"
],
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"yard",
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"(nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
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},
{
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "large rock",
"word": "penya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
],
"links": [
[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
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"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pena meaning in Catalan (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.