See pena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pena meaning in Catalan (6.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a penes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena capital"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "ca:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-3r~FQwMw",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grief, sorrow, pain"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-Xwa-dEIm",
"links": [
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-7nnw7lRS",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-sMmkp5Bt",
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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},
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{
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"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "fin",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“fin”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "fin"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peen (of a hammer)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-L3j0-4lg",
"links": [
[
"peen",
"peen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "ca:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-EOMssP7h",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"yard",
"yard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "merlon",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"t": "merlon"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "large rock",
"word": "penya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-42vPc1tM",
"links": [
[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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{
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"1": "ca",
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},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 3 3 2 4 10 2 48 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-v5oSZjyW",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-3hQI35VS",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "a penes"
},
{
"word": "pena capital"
},
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"3": "pena",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old Catalan pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"1": "ca",
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},
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{
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},
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grief, sorrow, pain"
],
"links": [
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
],
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“fin”)",
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},
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}
],
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]
}
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"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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}
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"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peen (of a hammer)"
],
"links": [
[
"peen",
"peen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"yard",
"yard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
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"Catalan lemmas",
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"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
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"4": "",
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
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},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
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},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "large rock",
"word": "penya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
],
"links": [
[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
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"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
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],
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.