πένομαι in Ancient Greek

IPA: /pé.no.mai̯/, /ˈpe.no.mɛ/, /ˈpe.no.me/, /pé.no.mai̯/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈpe.no.mɛ/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈpe.no.mɛ/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈpe.no.me/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈpe.no.me/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan) [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), with semantic shift "to weave, stretch" > "to tense, strain" > "to exert oneself". Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”). Etymology templates: {{root|grc|ine-pro|*(s)penh₁-}}, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*(s)penh₁-|t=to weave, spin}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), {{cog|lt|pìnti|t=to braid, plait}} Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), {{cog|cu|пѧти|t=to tie, fix}} Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), {{cog|ang|spinnan|t=to spin}} Old English spinnan (“to spin”) Head templates: {{grc-verb}} πένομαι • (pénomai) Inflection templates: {{grc-conj|pres|πεν|form=mid}}, {{grc-conj|imperf|ἐπεν|form=mid}}, {{grc-conj|imperf|πεν|dial=epi|form=mid}} Forms: pénomai [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], πένομαι [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], πένῃ [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένει [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένεται [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], πενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], πένονται [indicative, middle, plural, third-person], πένωμαι [first-person, middle, singular, subjunctive], πένῃ [middle, second-person, singular, subjunctive], πένηται [middle, singular, subjunctive, third-person], πένησθον [dual, middle, second-person, subjunctive], πένησθον [dual, middle, subjunctive, third-person], πενώμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, plural, subjunctive], πένησθε [middle, plural, second-person, subjunctive], πένωνται [middle, plural, subjunctive, third-person], πενοίμην [first-person, middle, optative, singular], πένοιο [middle, optative, second-person, singular], πένοιτο [middle, optative, singular, third-person], πένοισθον [dual, middle, optative, second-person], πενοίσθην [dual, middle, optative, third-person], πενοίμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, optative, plural], πένοισθε [middle, optative, plural, second-person], πένοιντο [middle, optative, plural, third-person], πένου [imperative, middle, second-person, singular], πενέσθω [imperative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, imperative, middle, second-person], πενέσθων [dual, imperative, middle, third-person], πένεσθε [imperative, middle, plural, second-person], πενέσθων [imperative, middle, plural, third-person], πένεσθαι [infinitive, plural], πενόμενος [masculine, participle, plural], πενομένη [feminine, participle, plural], πενόμενον [neuter, participle, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ἐπενόμην [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], ἐπένου [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], ἐπένετο [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], ἐπένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], ἐπενέσθην [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], ἐπενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], ἐπένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], ἐπένοντο [indicative, middle, plural, third-person], Epic [table-tags], πενόμην [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], πένου [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένετο [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], πενέσθην [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], πενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πενόμεσθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], πένοντο [indicative, middle, plural, third-person]

Inflected forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to weave, spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to braid, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "spinnan",
        "t": "to spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spinnan (“to spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), with semantic shift \"to weave, stretch\" > \"to tense, strain\" > \"to exert oneself\". Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pénomai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένομαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένει",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένονται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωμαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένηται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωνται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιτο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθω",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενος",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενομένη",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεσθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "πένομαι • (pénomai)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "πεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "ἐπεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "πεν",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "amphipénomai",
          "word": "ἀμφιπένομαι"
        },
        {
          "roman": "penéstēs",
          "word": "πενέστης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sumpénomai",
          "word": "συμπένομαι"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to toil, labor, exert oneself"
      ],
      "id": "en-πένομαι-grc-verb-1h~H7weQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "labor",
          "labor"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "pénēs",
          "word": "πένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pḗnē",
          "word": "πήνη"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pónos",
          "word": "πόνος"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πένομαι"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "amphipénomai",
      "word": "ἀμφιπένομαι"
    },
    {
      "roman": "penéstēs",
      "word": "πενέστης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sumpénomai",
      "word": "συμπένομαι"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to weave, spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to braid, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "spinnan",
        "t": "to spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spinnan (“to spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), with semantic shift \"to weave, stretch\" > \"to tense, strain\" > \"to exert oneself\". Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pénomai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένομαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένει",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένονται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωμαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένηται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωνται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιτο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθω",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενος",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενομένη",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεσθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "πένομαι • (pénomai)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "πεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "ἐπεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "πεν",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "pénēs",
      "word": "πένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pḗnē",
      "word": "πήνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pónos",
      "word": "πόνος"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)penh₁-",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to toil, labor, exert oneself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "labor",
          "labor"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πένομαι"
}

"πένομαι" meaning in Ancient Greek

Verb

Inflected forms