"πένομαι" meaning in Ancient Greek

See πένομαι in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /pé.no.mai̯/, /ˈpe.no.mɛ/, /ˈpe.no.me/, /pé.no.mai̯/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈpe.no.mɛ/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈpe.no.mɛ/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈpe.no.me/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈpe.no.me/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”). Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”). Etymology templates: {{root|grc|ine-pro|*(s)penh₁-}}, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*(s)penh₁-|t=to weave, spin}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), {{cog|lt|pìnti|t=to braid, plait}} Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), {{cog|cu|пѧти|t=to tie, fix}} Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), {{cog|ang|spinnan|t=to spin}} Old English spinnan (“to spin”) Head templates: {{grc-verb}} πένομαι • (pénomai) Inflection templates: {{grc-conj|pres|πεν|form=mid}}, {{grc-conj|imperf|ἐπεν|form=mid}}, {{grc-conj|imperf|πεν|dial=epi|form=mid}} Forms: pénomai [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], πένομαι [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], πένῃ [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένει [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένεται [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], πενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], πένονται [indicative, middle, plural, third-person], πένωμαι [first-person, middle, singular, subjunctive], πένῃ [middle, second-person, singular, subjunctive], πένηται [middle, singular, subjunctive, third-person], πένησθον [dual, middle, second-person, subjunctive], πένησθον [dual, middle, subjunctive, third-person], πενώμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, plural, subjunctive], πένησθε [middle, plural, second-person, subjunctive], πένωνται [middle, plural, subjunctive, third-person], πενοίμην [first-person, middle, optative, singular], πένοιο [middle, optative, second-person, singular], πένοιτο [middle, optative, singular, third-person], πένοισθον [dual, middle, optative, second-person], πενοίσθην [dual, middle, optative, third-person], πενοίμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, optative, plural], πένοισθε [middle, optative, plural, second-person], πένοιντο [middle, optative, plural, third-person], πένου [imperative, middle, second-person, singular], πενέσθω [imperative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, imperative, middle, second-person], πενέσθων [dual, imperative, middle, third-person], πένεσθε [imperative, middle, plural, second-person], πενέσθων [imperative, middle, plural, third-person], πένεσθαι [infinitive, plural], πενόμενος [masculine, participle, plural], πενομένη [feminine, participle, plural], πενόμενον [neuter, participle, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ἐπενόμην [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], ἐπένου [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], ἐπένετο [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], ἐπένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], ἐπενέσθην [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], ἐπενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], ἐπένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], ἐπένοντο [indicative, middle, plural, third-person], Epic [table-tags], πενόμην [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], πένου [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], πένετο [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], πένεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], πενέσθην [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], πενόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πενόμεσθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], πένεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], πένοντο [indicative, middle, plural, third-person]
  1. to toil, labor, exert oneself Derived forms: ἀμφιπένομαι (amphipénomai), πενέστης (penéstēs), συμπένομαι (sumpénomai) Related terms: πένης (pénēs), πήνη (pḗnē), πόνος (pónos)
    Sense id: en-πένομαι-grc-verb-1h~H7weQ Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for πένομαι meaning in Ancient Greek (9.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to weave, spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to braid, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "spinnan",
        "t": "to spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spinnan (“to spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”). Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pénomai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένομαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένει",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένονται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωμαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένηται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωνται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιτο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθω",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενος",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενομένη",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεσθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "πένομαι • (pénomai)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "πεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "ἐπεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "πεν",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "amphipénomai",
          "word": "ἀμφιπένομαι"
        },
        {
          "roman": "penéstēs",
          "word": "πενέστης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sumpénomai",
          "word": "συμπένομαι"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to toil, labor, exert oneself"
      ],
      "id": "en-πένομαι-grc-verb-1h~H7weQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "labor",
          "labor"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "pénēs",
          "word": "πένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pḗnē",
          "word": "πήνη"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pónos",
          "word": "πόνος"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πένομαι"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "amphipénomai",
      "word": "ἀμφιπένομαι"
    },
    {
      "roman": "penéstēs",
      "word": "πενέστης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sumpénomai",
      "word": "συμπένομαι"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)penh₁-",
        "t": "to weave, spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pìnti",
        "t": "to braid, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѧти",
        "t": "to tie, fix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "spinnan",
        "t": "to spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spinnan (“to spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”). Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pénomai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένομαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένει",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένονται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωμαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένῃ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένηται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένησθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένωνται",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιτο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοισθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοιντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθω",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθων",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθαι",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενος",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενομένη",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμενον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἐπένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένου",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένετο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθον",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενέσθην",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πενόμεσθᾰ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένεσθε",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πένοντο",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "πένομαι • (pénomai)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "πεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "ἐπεν",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "imperf",
        "2": "πεν",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "mid"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "pénēs",
      "word": "πένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pḗnē",
      "word": "πήνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pónos",
      "word": "πόνος"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)penh₁-",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
        "Ancient Greek verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to toil, labor, exert oneself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "labor",
          "labor"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pé.no.mai̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.mɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.no.me/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πένομαι"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.