zmierzch in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈzmjɛʂx/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Rhymes: -ɛʂx Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk, from Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ. The final -ch is due to hypercorrect avoidance of the dialectal -ch > -k change. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|zmierzk|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish zmierzk, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|zmierzk}} Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*mьrkъ}} Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in}} zmierzch m inan Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], zmierzch [nominative, singular], zmierzchy [nominative, plural], zmierzchu [genitive, singular], zmierzchów [genitive, plural], zmierzchowi [dative, singular], zmierzchom [dative, plural], zmierzch [accusative, singular], zmierzchy [accusative, plural], zmierzchem [instrumental, singular], zmierzchami [instrumental, plural], zmierzchu [locative, singular], zmierzchach [locative, plural], zmierzchu [singular, vocative], zmierzchy [plural, vocative]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zmierzchni"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zmierzchny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zmierzchowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zmierzchnica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zmierzchnikowiec"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmierzchać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmierzchnąć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "zmierzk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish zmierzk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "zmierzk"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*mьrkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk, from Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ. The final -ch is due to hypercorrect avoidance of the dialectal -ch > -k change.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "zmierzch m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "zmierzch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Times of day",
          "orig": "pl:Times of day",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dusk, nightfall, twilight"
      ],
      "id": "en-zmierzch-pl-noun-5zLJCXLU",
      "links": [
        [
          "dusk",
          "dusk"
        ],
        [
          "nightfall",
          "nightfall"
        ],
        [
          "twilight",
          "twilight"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "zmrok"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "end, finish (terminal point of something in space or time)"
      ],
      "id": "en-zmierzch-pl-noun--2ereiSF",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) end, finish (terminal point of something in space or time)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "koniec"
        },
        {
          "word": "kres"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzmjɛʂx/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛʂx"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zmierzch"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛʂx",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛʂx/1 syllable",
    "pl:Times of day"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "zmierzchni"
    },
    {
      "word": "zmierzchny"
    },
    {
      "word": "zmierzchowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "zmierzchnica"
    },
    {
      "word": "zmierzchnikowiec"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmierzchać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmierzchnąć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "zmierzk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish zmierzk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "zmierzk"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*mьrkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish zmierzk, from Proto-Slavic *mьrkъ. The final -ch is due to hypercorrect avoidance of the dialectal -ch > -k change.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zmierzchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "zmierzch m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "zmierzch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dusk, nightfall, twilight"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dusk",
          "dusk"
        ],
        [
          "nightfall",
          "nightfall"
        ],
        [
          "twilight",
          "twilight"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "zmrok"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "end, finish (terminal point of something in space or time)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) end, finish (terminal point of something in space or time)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "koniec"
        },
        {
          "word": "kres"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzmjɛʂx/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛʂx"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zmierzch"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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"zmierzch" meaning in All languages combined

Noun [Polish]