See vervain on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "verveyne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English verveyne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "verveine"
},
"expansion": "Old French verveine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "verbēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin verbēna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verbena"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of verbena",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verveyne, from Old French verveine, from Latin verbēna. Doublet of verbena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vervains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "vervain (countable and uncountable, plural vervains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lamiales order plants",
"orig": "en:Lamiales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena officinalis",
"word": "common vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena hastata",
"word": "blue vervain"
},
{
"word": "white vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena urticifolia",
"word": "nettle-leaved vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena stricta",
"word": "hoary vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena simplex",
"word": "narrowleaf vervain"
},
{
"alt": "Verbena × clemensiorum",
"word": "Amador County vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena canescens",
"word": "gray vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena californica",
"word": "Red Hills vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena brasiliensis",
"word": "Brazilian vervain"
},
{
"word": "bracted vervain"
},
{
"word": "bigbract verbena"
},
{
"word": "prostrate vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena bracteata",
"word": "carpet vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena gracilis",
"word": "Fort Huachuca vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena ehrenbergiana",
"word": "Ehrenberg's vervain"
},
{
"alt": "Verbena bonariensis and for Verbena incompta",
"word": "purpletop vervain"
},
{
"english": "once Verbena nodiflora",
"taxonomic": "Phyla nodiflora",
"word": "jointed vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena carolina",
"word": "Carolina vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena supina",
"word": "supine vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena riparia",
"word": "riverbank vervain"
},
{
"word": "tuberous vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena rigida",
"word": "stiff vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena plicata",
"word": "fanleaf vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena pinetorum",
"word": "Chihuahuan vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena perennis",
"word": "pinleaf vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena neomexicana",
"word": "hillside vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena montevidensis",
"word": "Uruguayan vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena menthifolia",
"word": "mint vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena litoralis",
"word": "seashore vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena lasiostachys",
"word": "western vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena halei",
"word": "Texas vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Glandularia pulchella",
"word": "South American mock vervain"
},
{
"word": "vervain mallow"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "orubian bastard vervain"
},
{
"english": "once Verbena orubica",
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta orubica",
"word": "orubian vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "awned bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "aristate bastard vervain (Stachytarpheta aristata, also Verbena aristata, Zappania aristata, heterotypic synonym of Stachytarpheta orubica"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta mutabilis",
"word": "changeable-flowered bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta prismatica",
"word": "germander-leaved bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta squamosa",
"word": "scaly bastard bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "Cayenne bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta cayennensis",
"word": "Cayenne vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta strigosa",
"word": "strigose bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta marginata",
"word": "bordered bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta dichotoma",
"word": "forked bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "Jamaica bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta jamaicensis",
"word": "Jamaica vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta indica",
"word": "Indian bastard vervain"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of Stachytarpheta indica or Verbena simplex"
],
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"tags": [
"synonym"
],
"taxonomic": "Verbena angustifolia",
"word": "narrow-leaved bastard vervain"
},
{
"alt": "now Glandularia peruviana, once Verbena chamaedrifolia",
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "germander-leaved vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "Dakota mock vervain"
},
{
"english": "now Glandularia bipinnatifida",
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "Prairie vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "beaked mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "pale mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia quandrangulata",
"word": "Chihuahuan mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia gooddingii",
"word": "southwestern mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia tenera",
"word": "Latin American mock Vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia maritima",
"word": "coastal mock Vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia tampensis",
"word": "Tampa mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "rose mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia canadensis",
"word": "rose vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia pumila",
"word": "pink mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia wrightii",
"word": "Davis Mountain mock vervain"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 13 p. 218:",
"text": "The Yarrow, where-with-all he stops the wound-made gore:\nThe healing Tutsan then, and Plantan for a sore.\nAnd hard by them againe he holy Vervaine finds,\nWhich he about his head that hath the Megrim binds.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 147:",
"text": "The candlesticks were surrounded by wreaths of vervain[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 41:",
"text": "There were bunches of wild garlic to keep out evil spirits, foxgloves for healing spells and hemlock and vervain for darker magic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any herbaceous plant in the genus Verbena especially if used for medicinal purposes, primarily Verbena officinalis, common in Europe and formerly held to have medicinal properties."
],
"id": "en-vervain-en-noun-4Ik-ZrO~",
"links": [
[
"Verbena",
"Verbena#Translingual"
],
[
"Verbena officinalis",
"Verbena officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vervaine"
},
{
"word": "vervein"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "verveine"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "riʕy al-ḥamām",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رِعْي الْحَمَام"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "reʿyā də-yawnē",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܪܥܝܐ ܕܝܘܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aġavnič",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "աղավնիճ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbína",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbínka",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́нка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbíka",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́ка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berbena"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ijzerhard"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "ijzerkruid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rautayrtti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "Verbena",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rautaverbena"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rohtorautayrtti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rohtoverbena (V. officinalis)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orxaván"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verxebán"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Eisenkraut"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "peristérion",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περιστέριον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hierobotánē",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἱεροβοτάνη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "vasfű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verbéna"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "narqaisar",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "нарқайсар"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "därılık narqaisar",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "дәрілік нарқайсар"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lustrago"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbēnāca"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verveyne"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mina çiçeği",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "مینا چیچكی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "güvercin otu",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "گوگرجین اوتی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baristaryon",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "بارسطاریون"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"alt": "ḥṣr gzl /ḥaṣīr gōzāl/",
"code": "xpu",
"lang": "Punic",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐤇𐤑𐤓 𐤂𐤆𐤋"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spòrīš"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hajdučka trava"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbéna"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbẹ̑na"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "mine çiçeği"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"roman": "tizimgul",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тизимгул"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tizimgul"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜːveɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɚveɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "vervain"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena officinalis",
"word": "common vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena hastata",
"word": "blue vervain"
},
{
"word": "white vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena urticifolia",
"word": "nettle-leaved vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena stricta",
"word": "hoary vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "orubian bastard vervain"
},
{
"english": "once Verbena orubica",
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta orubica",
"word": "orubian vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "awned bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "aristate bastard vervain (Stachytarpheta aristata, also Verbena aristata, Zappania aristata, heterotypic synonym of Stachytarpheta orubica"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta mutabilis",
"word": "changeable-flowered bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta prismatica",
"word": "germander-leaved bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta squamosa",
"word": "scaly bastard bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "Cayenne bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta cayennensis",
"word": "Cayenne vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta strigosa",
"word": "strigose bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta marginata",
"word": "bordered bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta dichotoma",
"word": "forked bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"word": "Jamaica bastard vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta jamaicensis",
"word": "Jamaica vervain"
},
{
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"taxonomic": "Stachytarpheta indica",
"word": "Indian bastard vervain"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of Stachytarpheta indica or Verbena simplex"
],
"sense": "bastard vervain",
"tags": [
"synonym"
],
"taxonomic": "Verbena angustifolia",
"word": "narrow-leaved bastard vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena simplex",
"word": "narrowleaf vervain"
},
{
"alt": "Verbena × clemensiorum",
"word": "Amador County vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena canescens",
"word": "gray vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena californica",
"word": "Red Hills vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena brasiliensis",
"word": "Brazilian vervain"
},
{
"word": "bracted vervain"
},
{
"word": "bigbract verbena"
},
{
"word": "prostrate vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena bracteata",
"word": "carpet vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena gracilis",
"word": "Fort Huachuca vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena ehrenbergiana",
"word": "Ehrenberg's vervain"
},
{
"alt": "now Glandularia peruviana, once Verbena chamaedrifolia",
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "germander-leaved vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "Dakota mock vervain"
},
{
"english": "now Glandularia bipinnatifida",
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "Prairie vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "beaked mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "pale mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia quandrangulata",
"word": "Chihuahuan mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia gooddingii",
"word": "southwestern mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia tenera",
"word": "Latin American mock Vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia maritima",
"word": "coastal mock Vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia tampensis",
"word": "Tampa mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"word": "rose mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia canadensis",
"word": "rose vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia pumila",
"word": "pink mock vervain"
},
{
"sense": "mock vervain (Glandularia)",
"taxonomic": "Glandularia wrightii",
"word": "Davis Mountain mock vervain"
},
{
"alt": "Verbena bonariensis and for Verbena incompta",
"word": "purpletop vervain"
},
{
"english": "once Verbena nodiflora",
"taxonomic": "Phyla nodiflora",
"word": "jointed vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena carolina",
"word": "Carolina vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena supina",
"word": "supine vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena riparia",
"word": "riverbank vervain"
},
{
"word": "tuberous vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena rigida",
"word": "stiff vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena plicata",
"word": "fanleaf vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena pinetorum",
"word": "Chihuahuan vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena perennis",
"word": "pinleaf vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena neomexicana",
"word": "hillside vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena montevidensis",
"word": "Uruguayan vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena menthifolia",
"word": "mint vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena litoralis",
"word": "seashore vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena lasiostachys",
"word": "western vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Verbena halei",
"word": "Texas vervain"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Glandularia pulchella",
"word": "South American mock vervain"
},
{
"word": "vervain mallow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "verveyne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English verveyne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "verveine"
},
"expansion": "Old French verveine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "verbēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin verbēna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verbena"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of verbena",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verveyne, from Old French verveine, from Latin verbēna. Doublet of verbena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vervains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "vervain (countable and uncountable, plural vervains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punic translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"en:Lamiales order plants"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 13 p. 218:",
"text": "The Yarrow, where-with-all he stops the wound-made gore:\nThe healing Tutsan then, and Plantan for a sore.\nAnd hard by them againe he holy Vervaine finds,\nWhich he about his head that hath the Megrim binds.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 147:",
"text": "The candlesticks were surrounded by wreaths of vervain[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 41:",
"text": "There were bunches of wild garlic to keep out evil spirits, foxgloves for healing spells and hemlock and vervain for darker magic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any herbaceous plant in the genus Verbena especially if used for medicinal purposes, primarily Verbena officinalis, common in Europe and formerly held to have medicinal properties."
],
"links": [
[
"Verbena",
"Verbena#Translingual"
],
[
"Verbena officinalis",
"Verbena officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜːveɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɚveɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vervaine"
},
{
"word": "vervein"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "verveine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "riʕy al-ḥamām",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رِعْي الْحَمَام"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "reʿyā də-yawnē",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܪܥܝܐ ܕܝܘܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aġavnič",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "աղավնիճ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbína",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbínka",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́нка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrbíka",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "върби́ка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berbena"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ijzerhard"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "ijzerkruid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rautayrtti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "Verbena",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rautaverbena"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rohtorautayrtti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "rohtoverbena (V. officinalis)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orxaván"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verxebán"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Eisenkraut"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "peristérion",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περιστέριον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hierobotánē",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἱεροβοτάνη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "vasfű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verbéna"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "narqaisar",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "нарқайсар"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "därılık narqaisar",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "дәрілік нарқайсар"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lustrago"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbēnāca"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "verveyne"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mina çiçeği",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "مینا چیچكی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "güvercin otu",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "گوگرجین اوتی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baristaryon",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "بارسطاریون"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"alt": "ḥṣr gzl /ḥaṣīr gōzāl/",
"code": "xpu",
"lang": "Punic",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐤇𐤑𐤓 𐤂𐤆𐤋"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spòrīš"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hajdučka trava"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbéna"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbẹ̑na"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"word": "mine çiçeği"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "verbéna",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вербе́на"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"roman": "tizimgul",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тизимгул"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Verbena or specifically Verbena officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tizimgul"
}
],
"word": "vervain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vervain meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.