See vēss on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "karsts"
},
{
"word": "silts"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vēsma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vēsums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*wēsus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *wēsus",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂weh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to blow, to breathe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow, to breathe”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vējš",
"3": "",
"4": "wind"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vējš (“wind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vėsùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vėsùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वास",
"3": "",
"4": "smell"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "waas",
"3": "",
"4": "haze, mist; film"
},
"expansion": "Dutch waas (“haze, mist; film”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *wēsus, *wēsas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow, to breathe”) (with an extra element -s), whence also Latvian vējš (“wind”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėsùs, and possibly Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “smell”), Dutch waas (“haze, mist; film”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vēsais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visvēsākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsi",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vēss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visvēsākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "vēsi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "vēsais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "vēsāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "vēss (definite vēsais, comparative vēsāks, superlative visvēsākais, adverb vēsi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vēs"
},
"expansion": "vēss (definite vēsais, comparative vēsāks, superlative visvēsākais, adverb vēsi)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vēs",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cool sea breeze",
"text": "vēss jūras vējš",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool dew",
"text": "vēsa rasa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to drink cold (lit. cool) milk",
"text": "dzert vēsu pienu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool spring",
"text": "vēss pavasaris",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool morning",
"text": "vēss rīts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "September came cool and rainy",
"text": "septembris atnāca vēss un lietains",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool climate",
"text": "vēss klimats",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool, cold (having a moderately low temperature)"
],
"id": "en-vēss-lv-adj-C50a97ov",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"moderate",
"moderate#English"
],
[
"low",
"low#English"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 74 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 62 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 71 7 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 37 28 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 77 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 78 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "over (his) back ran a cool tingling",
"text": "pār muguru skrien vēsas tirpas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Zintra felt cold (lit. cool), and she sat closer to me",
"text": "Zintrai kļuva vēsi, un viņa piesēdās man tuvāk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool, cold (relating to relatively low body temperature, to the feelings caused by relatively low temperature)"
],
"id": "en-vēss-lv-adj-vJEMBGVI",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"relating",
"relate#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"low",
"low#English"
],
[
"body",
"body#English"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a sunny room can be painted also in a cooler, more restrained tone, for example, greenish-blue",
"text": "saulainu telpu var krāsot arī vēsākā, atturīgākā tonī, piemēram, zilganzaļu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool (reflecting the feeling of cold, cool surroundings)"
],
"id": "en-vēss-lv-adj-8Huuj2ub",
"links": [
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"reflect",
"reflect#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool#English"
],
[
"surroundings",
"surroundings#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of colors) cool (reflecting the feeling of cold, cool surroundings)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of colors"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cold smile",
"text": "vēss smaids",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold voice",
"text": "vēsa balss",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold eyes",
"text": "vēsas acis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold words",
"text": "vēsi vārdi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold relations",
"text": "vēsas attiecības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the longer she worked, the colder and more rational she became",
"text": "jo ilgāk viņa strādāja, jo vēsāka un racionālāka tapa",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, cool (not expressing their feelings or thoughts easily; taciturn, reticent)"
],
"id": "en-vēss-lv-adj-CbIDnJ-v",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"thought",
"thought#English"
],
[
"easily",
"easy#English"
],
[
"taciturn",
"taciturn#English"
],
[
"reticent",
"reticent#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) cold, cool (not expressing their feelings or thoughts easily; taciturn, reticent)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vǣːs]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "auksts"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "salts"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dzestrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spirgts"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "svaigs"
}
],
"word": "vēss"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "karsts"
},
{
"word": "silts"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vēsma"
},
{
"word": "vēsums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*wēsus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *wēsus",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂weh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to blow, to breathe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow, to breathe”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vējš",
"3": "",
"4": "wind"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vējš (“wind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vėsùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vėsùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वास",
"3": "",
"4": "smell"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "waas",
"3": "",
"4": "haze, mist; film"
},
"expansion": "Dutch waas (“haze, mist; film”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *wēsus, *wēsas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow, to breathe”) (with an extra element -s), whence also Latvian vējš (“wind”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėsùs, and possibly Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “smell”), Dutch waas (“haze, mist; film”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vēsais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visvēsākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsi",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vēss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vēsās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visvēsākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "vēsi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "vēsais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "vēsāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "vēss (definite vēsais, comparative vēsāks, superlative visvēsākais, adverb vēsi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vēs"
},
"expansion": "vēss (definite vēsais, comparative vēsāks, superlative visvēsākais, adverb vēsi)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vēs",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cool sea breeze",
"text": "vēss jūras vējš",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool dew",
"text": "vēsa rasa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to drink cold (lit. cool) milk",
"text": "dzert vēsu pienu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool spring",
"text": "vēss pavasaris",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool morning",
"text": "vēss rīts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "September came cool and rainy",
"text": "septembris atnāca vēss un lietains",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cool climate",
"text": "vēss klimats",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool, cold (having a moderately low temperature)"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"moderate",
"moderate#English"
],
[
"low",
"low#English"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "over (his) back ran a cool tingling",
"text": "pār muguru skrien vēsas tirpas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Zintra felt cold (lit. cool), and she sat closer to me",
"text": "Zintrai kļuva vēsi, un viņa piesēdās man tuvāk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool, cold (relating to relatively low body temperature, to the feelings caused by relatively low temperature)"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"relating",
"relate#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"low",
"low#English"
],
[
"body",
"body#English"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a sunny room can be painted also in a cooler, more restrained tone, for example, greenish-blue",
"text": "saulainu telpu var krāsot arī vēsākā, atturīgākā tonī, piemēram, zilganzaļu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool (reflecting the feeling of cold, cool surroundings)"
],
"links": [
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"reflect",
"reflect#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool#English"
],
[
"surroundings",
"surroundings#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of colors) cool (reflecting the feeling of cold, cool surroundings)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of colors"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cold smile",
"text": "vēss smaids",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold voice",
"text": "vēsa balss",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold eyes",
"text": "vēsas acis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold words",
"text": "vēsi vārdi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cold relations",
"text": "vēsas attiecības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the longer she worked, the colder and more rational she became",
"text": "jo ilgāk viņa strādāja, jo vēsāka un racionālāka tapa",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, cool (not expressing their feelings or thoughts easily; taciturn, reticent)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"thought",
"thought#English"
],
[
"easily",
"easy#English"
],
[
"taciturn",
"taciturn#English"
],
[
"reticent",
"reticent#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) cold, cool (not expressing their feelings or thoughts easily; taciturn, reticent)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vǣːs]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "auksts"
},
{
"word": "salts"
},
{
"word": "dzestrs"
},
{
"word": "spirgts"
},
{
"word": "svaigs"
}
],
"word": "vēss"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vēss meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.