"utrzeć" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "utrzeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: utrzeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: utrzeć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "utrzić"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: utrzić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: utrzić"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "u-",
        "3": "trzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "u- + trzeć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "middle of the 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the middle of the 15th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "middle of the 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the middle of the 15th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "utřieti"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech utřieti",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From u- + trzeć. First attested in the middle of the 15th century. Compare Old Czech utřieti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ucirać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "ucirać"
      },
      "expansion": "utrzeć pf (imperfective ucirać)",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "uciradło"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rub off (to remove by rubbing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-zlw-opl-verb-gOBs57Kb",
      "links": [
        [
          "rub off",
          "rub off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms prefixed with u-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perfect by training [+ w (locative) = what]",
        "to perfect by training"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-zlw-opl-verb-pU4MOmpx",
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Old Polish"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ],
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "w",
          "w#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to perfect by training [+ w (locative) = what]"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/utr̝ɛːt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/utr̝et͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "utrzeć"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "utrzeć nosa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ucierać nosa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "utrzeć",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish utrzeć",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "utrzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish utrzeć",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "u-",
        "3": "trzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, u- + trzeć",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "utřít"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech utřít",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "ùtrzéc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian ùtrzéc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "утере́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian утере́ть (uterétʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish utrzeć. By surface analysis, u- + trzeć. Compare Czech utřít, Kashubian ùtrzéc, and Russian утере́ть (uterétʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ucierać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzeć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarlibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarlibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarto by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyjmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyjcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarty",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarci",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "ucierać"
      },
      "expansion": "utrzeć pf (imperfective ucierać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u‧trzeć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "utrzeć",
        "2": "utrę",
        "3": "utrze",
        "4": "utrą",
        "5": "utar",
        "6": "utar",
        "7": "utar",
        "8": "utrzyj",
        "ap": "utarłszy",
        "ip": "utarto",
        "pp": "utart",
        "pp2": "utarci",
        "vn": "utarcie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 8 13 10 18 23 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater) [+ na (locative) = on what]",
        "to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater)"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-RSlfHhSt",
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "apart",
          "apart"
        ],
        [
          "shred",
          "shred"
        ],
        [
          "na",
          "na#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater) [+ na (locative) = on what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what], [+ na (accusative) = into what]",
        "to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what],"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-q78bFvrV",
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "cream",
          "cream"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ],
        [
          "z",
          "z#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "na",
          "na#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what], [+ na (accusative) = into what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 8 13 10 18 23 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wipe off (to remove dirt, moisture, etc. from something by rubbing it with a rag or handkerchief)"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-Uihn3JWk",
      "links": [
        [
          "wipe off",
          "wipe off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) to wipe off (to remove dirt, moisture, etc. from something by rubbing it with a rag or handkerchief)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to rub even (to smooth out by rubbing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-atBiAZ98",
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to rub even (to smooth out by rubbing)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 8 13 10 18 23 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 9 13 17 26 12 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lay out; to discuss"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-xJkuvFj3",
      "links": [
        [
          "lay out",
          "lay out"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to lay out; to discuss"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 8 13 10 18 23 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public) [+infinitive = what verb]",
        "to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public)"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-iXqeyW6N",
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "popularize",
          "popularize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public) [+infinitive = what verb]"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be grated apart, to be shreded apart"
      ],
      "id": "en-utrzeć-pl-verb-yIlD9~yE",
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "apart",
          "apart"
        ],
        [
          "shred",
          "shred"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to be grated apart, to be shreded apart"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu.tʂɛt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈut.ʂɛt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈut.r̝ɛt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-utʂɛt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "utrzyć"
    }
  ],
  "word": "utrzeć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish perfective verbs",
    "Old Polish terms prefixed with u-",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "utrzeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: utrzeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: utrzeć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "utrzić"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: utrzić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: utrzić"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "u-",
        "3": "trzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "u- + trzeć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "middle of the 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the middle of the 15th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "middle of the 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the middle of the 15th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "utřieti"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech utřieti",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From u- + trzeć. First attested in the middle of the 15th century. Compare Old Czech utřieti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ucirać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "ucirać"
      },
      "expansion": "utrzeć pf (imperfective ucirać)",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "uciradło"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rub off (to remove by rubbing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rub off",
          "rub off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perfect by training [+ w (locative) = what]",
        "to perfect by training"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Old Polish"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ],
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "w",
          "w#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to perfect by training [+ w (locative) = what]"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/utr̝ɛːt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/utr̝et͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "utrzeć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish perfective verbs",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/utʂɛt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/utʂɛt͡ɕ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "utrzeć nosa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ucierać nosa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "utrzeć",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish utrzeć",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "utrzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish utrzeć",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "u-",
        "3": "trzeć"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, u- + trzeć",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "utřít"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech utřít",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "ùtrzéc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian ùtrzéc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "утере́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian утере́ть (uterétʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish utrzeć. By surface analysis, u- + trzeć. Compare Czech utřít, Kashubian ùtrzéc, and Russian утере́ть (uterétʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ucierać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzeć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarlibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarlibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarł",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by utarły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarto by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyjmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utrzyjcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech utrą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarty",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarci",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarłszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "utarcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "ucierać"
      },
      "expansion": "utrzeć pf (imperfective ucierać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "u‧trzeć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "utrzeć",
        "2": "utrę",
        "3": "utrze",
        "4": "utrą",
        "5": "utar",
        "6": "utar",
        "7": "utar",
        "8": "utrzyj",
        "ap": "utarłszy",
        "ip": "utarto",
        "pp": "utart",
        "pp2": "utarci",
        "vn": "utarcie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater) [+ na (locative) = on what]",
        "to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "apart",
          "apart"
        ],
        [
          "shred",
          "shred"
        ],
        [
          "na",
          "na#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater) [+ na (locative) = on what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what], [+ na (accusative) = into what]",
        "to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what],"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "cream",
          "cream"
        ],
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ],
        [
          "z",
          "z#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "na",
          "na#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [+ z (instrumental) = with what], [+ na (accusative) = into what]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with archaic senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wipe off (to remove dirt, moisture, etc. from something by rubbing it with a rag or handkerchief)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wipe off",
          "wipe off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) to wipe off (to remove dirt, moisture, etc. from something by rubbing it with a rag or handkerchief)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rub even (to smooth out by rubbing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to rub even (to smooth out by rubbing)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lay out; to discuss"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lay out",
          "lay out"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) to lay out; to discuss"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public) [+infinitive = what verb]",
        "to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "popularize",
          "popularize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public) [+infinitive = what verb]"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be grated apart, to be shreded apart"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "apart",
          "apart"
        ],
        [
          "shred",
          "shred"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się) to be grated apart, to be shreded apart"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈu.tʂɛt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈut.ʂɛt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈut.r̝ɛt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-utʂɛt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "utrzyć"
    }
  ],
  "word": "utrzeć"
}