See twierdzić on Wiktionary
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{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdzić"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "twiyrdzić"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: twiyrdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: twiyrdzić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwirdza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "twardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to firm, to harden, to strengthen, to fortify"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-55pexxF~",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silnić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to confirm"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-g5GO1rxP",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"word": "przymawiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to affirm, to state"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-8WW-c~EW",
"links": [
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 4 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 4 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to decide, to order"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-krNkU9wO",
"links": [
[
"decide",
"decide"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrzędzać"
},
{
"word": "skazować"
},
{
"word": "uchwalać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛ(ː)rd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjerd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwirdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "twirdzić"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-ić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzimy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzisz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzicie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"twier‧dzić"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twier",
"2": "dz",
"imp": "twierdź"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-ić"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "twierdzić",
"2": "twierdzę",
"3": "twierdzi",
"4": "twierdzą",
"5": "twierdzi",
"6": "twierdzi",
"7": "twierdzi",
"8": "twierdź",
"ip": "twierdzono",
"pp": "",
"pp2": "",
"vn": "twierdzenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "pl:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-pl-verb-5z9a8EA4",
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "pl:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-pl-verb-t-ZvLBOc",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to maintain"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtfjɛr.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish imperfective verbs",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verbs",
"pl:Thinking"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdzić"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "twiyrdzić"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: twiyrdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: twiyrdzić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ćwirdza"
},
{
"word": "twardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to firm, to harden, to strengthen, to fortify"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silnić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to confirm"
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"word": "przymawiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to affirm, to state"
],
"links": [
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to decide, to order"
],
"links": [
[
"decide",
"decide"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrzędzać"
},
{
"word": "skazować"
},
{
"word": "uchwalać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛ(ː)rd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjerd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ćwirdzić"
},
{
"word": "ćwierdzić"
},
{
"word": "twirdzić"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/2 syllables",
"pl:Thinking"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-ić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzimy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzisz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzicie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"twier‧dzić"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twier",
"2": "dz",
"imp": "twierdź"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-ić"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "twierdzić",
"2": "twierdzę",
"3": "twierdzi",
"4": "twierdzą",
"5": "twierdzi",
"6": "twierdzi",
"7": "twierdzi",
"8": "twierdź",
"ip": "twierdzono",
"pp": "",
"pp2": "",
"vn": "twierdzenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain"
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to maintain"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtfjɛr.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.