See tr̥nós on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tírnas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "þurnaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tŕ̥nam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "turun",
"sense": "Permic: *turn",
"word": "турун"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "turyn",
"sense": "Permic: *turn",
"word": "турын"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "*-nós",
"t1": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”) + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly derived from *(s)ter- (“stiff”) + *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥né",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tr̥nós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr̥nó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥nós",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp, stiff"
],
"id": "en-tr̥nós-ine-pro-adj-5pwgaBLw",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "→ Proto-Uralic",
"word": "tarna"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"id": "en-tr̥nós-ine-pro-adj-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tr̥nós"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tírnas"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "þurnaz"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tŕ̥nam"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "→ Proto-Uralic",
"word": "tarna"
},
{
"roman": "turun",
"sense": "Permic: *turn",
"word": "турун"
},
{
"roman": "turyn",
"sense": "Permic: *turn",
"word": "турын"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "*-nós",
"t1": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”) + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly derived from *(s)ter- (“stiff”) + *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥né",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥nóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tr̥néh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tr̥nós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr̥nó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥nós",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp, stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tr̥nós"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tr̥nós meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (89ebc88 and e74c913). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.