See toprak on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakçı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakçık"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakçıl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakçılık"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprakla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topraklı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topraksa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topraksı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topraksız"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "طوپراق",
"tr": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish طوپراق (toprak)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "torpaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani torpaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish طوپراق (toprak), from Proto-Turkic *toprak. Cognate with Azerbaijani torpaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toprağı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "toprağı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "topraklar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative toprağı, plural topraklar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toprağı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative toprağı, plural topraklar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "humuslu toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "killi toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kireçli toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kumlu toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "marnlı toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "taşlı toprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tınlı toprak"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top‧rak"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1",
"stem": "toprağ"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprak alanı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprak burgusu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprak karışımı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprak parçası"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toprak vergisi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish nouns with irregular stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earth (soil)"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tr-noun-~IAI~Dq6",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish nouns with irregular stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry soil"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tr-noun-WV0rFCc6",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish nouns with irregular stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"land"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tr-noun-kOrmNIfK",
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish nouns with irregular stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"country"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tr-noun-r~ZOT9Ug",
"links": [
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topˈɾɑk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-toprak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topragy",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tk-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topragy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topragyň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklaryň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "topragy",
"5": "plural",
"6": "topraklar",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative topragy, plural topraklar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topragy",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative topragy, plural topraklar)",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top‧rak"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "y",
"2": "c",
"stem": "toprag"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-auto"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toprak",
"10": "topraklarda",
"11": "toprakdan",
"12": "topraklardan",
"2": "topraklar",
"3": "topragy",
"4": "topraklary",
"5": "topragyň",
"6": "topraklaryň",
"7": "topraga",
"8": "topraklara",
"9": "toprakda"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-man"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soil, earth"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tk-noun-ZVwPNiEr",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"land, country"
],
"id": "en-toprak-tk-noun-5eP7rmge",
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxurag",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toxurag",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toxurag"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "товрог",
"3": "ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: товрог (tovrog), ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ (tobrag)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: товрог (tovrog), ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ (tobrag)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӑпра"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "turpâq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: turpâq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: turpâq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طوپراق",
"3": "طوپراخ",
"4": "طوپراغ",
"5": "طوپورق",
"tr1": "dopraq",
"tr2": "dopraġ",
"tr3": "dopraḫ",
"tr4": "dopuraq"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طوپراق (dopraq), طوپراخ (dopraġ), طوپراغ (dopraḫ), طوپورق (dopuraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طوپراق (dopraq), طوپراخ (dopraġ), طوپراغ (dopraḫ), طوپورق (dopuraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "torpaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: torpaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: torpaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: toprak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: toprak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طوپراق",
"tr": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپراق (toprak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپراق (toprak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "toprak",
"3": "topurak",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: toprak, (dialectal) topurak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: toprak, (dialectal) topurak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "tōraq"
},
"expansion": "Salar: tōraq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: tōraq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: toprak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: toprak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبْراقْ",
"tr": "toprāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُبْراقْ (toprāq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُبْراقْ (toprāq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tuproq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tuproq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tuproq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇپراق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тупраҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тупраҡ (tupraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тупраҡ (tupraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "туфрак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: туфрак (tufraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: туфрак (tufraq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "topraq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: topraq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: topraq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "топуракъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: топуракъ (topuraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: топуракъ (topuraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "топракъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: топракъ (topraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: топракъ (topraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "топракъ",
"3": "топрах"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: топракъ, топрах",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: топракъ, топрах"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "topi’raq"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: topi’raq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: topi’raq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "топырақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: топырақ (topyraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: топырақ (topyraq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "топырак"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: топырак (topırak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: топырак (topırak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "топурак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: топурак (topurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: топурак (topurak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тобрак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тобрак (tobrak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тобрак (tobrak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲",
"ts": "tupraq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 (twprʾq /tupraq/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 (twprʾq /tupraq/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "torvaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: torvaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: torvaq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тобурах",
"t": "hail; dust"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "довурак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: довурак (dovurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: довурак (dovurak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "тоъпраӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: тоъпраӄ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: тоъпраӄ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тобырах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тобырах (tobırax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тобырах (tobırax)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "тобрақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor: тобрақ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: тобрақ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*topra-",
"3": "*towra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *towra-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "+ *-k",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"t": "dust",
"tr": "tog"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid [script needed] (tog, “dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"t": "dust",
"tr": "topon"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz [script needed] (topon, “dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tow",
"3": "*-uŕ",
"4": "*-a-",
"5": "*-k",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*tow + -*-uŕ + -*-a- + *-k",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*topur",
"t": "soil, earth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *topur (“soil, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ak"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ak",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*tōz",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *tōz (“dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxurag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxurag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*tōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *tōz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبُرْغانْ",
"tr": "topurğan"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tekin (1969) derives it from Proto-Turkic *towra- + *-k, and relates it to *towuŕ, which he suggests a derivation to *tōz. Tekin also connects Karakhanid [script needed] (tog, “dust”) and Kyrgyz [script needed] (topon, “dust”). According to Tekin, morphologically *tow + -*-uŕ + -*-a- + *-k. However, Eren (1999) suggests Proto-Turkic *topur (“soil, earth”) + *-ak (diminutive suffix).\nNişanyan and Clauson derive this word from *topra-, which Nişanyan further suggests is a derivation from a hypothetical *tobuŕ or *tobur (see *topur), where he suggests Proto-Common Turkic *tōz (“dust”) comes from.\nLigeti suggests a genetic connection with Proto-Mongolic *toxurag through the hypothetical and now widely discredited Altaic language family. He also connects this word with Proto-Common Turkic *tōz Ramstedt and Nişanyan suggest that the Mongolian form is a borrowing from Turkic.\nDoerfer suggests a derivation from *top with the suffix *-rak.\nNişanyan also compares with Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan). This would imply a derivation from the verb *topur-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*toprak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toprak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soil"
],
"id": "en-toprak-trk-pro-noun-6T1ZoCFj",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"land"
],
"id": "en-toprak-trk-pro-noun-kOrmNIfK",
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"country, land"
],
"id": "en-toprak-trk-pro-noun-eo~xhRN5",
"links": [
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ak",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arable land"
],
"id": "en-toprak-trk-pro-noun-AapILcuY",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ak",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Kyrgyz terms",
"trk-pro:Landforms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxurag",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toxurag",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toxurag"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "товрог",
"3": "ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: товрог (tovrog), ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ (tobrag)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: товрог (tovrog), ᠲᠣᠪᠷᠠᠭ (tobrag)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӑпра"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "turpâq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: turpâq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: turpâq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طوپراق",
"3": "طوپراخ",
"4": "طوپراغ",
"5": "طوپورق",
"tr1": "dopraq",
"tr2": "dopraġ",
"tr3": "dopraḫ",
"tr4": "dopuraq"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طوپراق (dopraq), طوپراخ (dopraġ), طوپراغ (dopraḫ), طوپورق (dopuraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طوپراق (dopraq), طوپراخ (dopraġ), طوپراغ (dopraḫ), طوپورق (dopuraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "torpaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: torpaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: torpaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: toprak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: toprak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طوپراق",
"tr": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپراق (toprak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپراق (toprak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "toprak",
"3": "topurak",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: toprak, (dialectal) topurak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: toprak, (dialectal) topurak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "tōraq"
},
"expansion": "Salar: tōraq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: tōraq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: toprak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: toprak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبْراقْ",
"tr": "toprāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُبْراقْ (toprāq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُبْراقْ (toprāq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tuproq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tuproq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tuproq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇپراق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тупраҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тупраҡ (tupraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тупраҡ (tupraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "туфрак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: туфрак (tufraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: туфрак (tufraq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "topraq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: topraq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: topraq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "топуракъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: топуракъ (topuraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: топуракъ (topuraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "топракъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: топракъ (topraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: топракъ (topraq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "топракъ",
"3": "топрах"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: топракъ, топрах",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: топракъ, топрах"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "topi’raq"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: topi’raq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: topi’raq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "топырақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: топырақ (topyraq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: топырақ (topyraq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "топырак"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: топырак (topırak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: топырак (topırak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "топурак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: топурак (topurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: топурак (topurak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тобрак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тобрак (tobrak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тобрак (tobrak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲",
"ts": "tupraq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 (twprʾq /tupraq/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 (twprʾq /tupraq/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "torvaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: torvaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: torvaq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тобурах",
"t": "hail; dust"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "довурак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: довурак (dovurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: довурак (dovurak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "тоъпраӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: тоъпраӄ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: тоъпраӄ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тобырах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тобырах (tobırax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тобырах (tobırax)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "тобрақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor: тобрақ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: тобрақ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*topra-",
"3": "*towra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *towra-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "+ *-k",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"t": "dust",
"tr": "tog"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid [script needed] (tog, “dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"t": "dust",
"tr": "topon"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz [script needed] (topon, “dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tow",
"3": "*-uŕ",
"4": "*-a-",
"5": "*-k",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*tow + -*-uŕ + -*-a- + *-k",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*topur",
"t": "soil, earth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *topur (“soil, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ak"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ak",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*tōz",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *tōz (“dust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxurag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxurag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*tōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *tōz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبُرْغانْ",
"tr": "topurğan"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tekin (1969) derives it from Proto-Turkic *towra- + *-k, and relates it to *towuŕ, which he suggests a derivation to *tōz. Tekin also connects Karakhanid [script needed] (tog, “dust”) and Kyrgyz [script needed] (topon, “dust”). According to Tekin, morphologically *tow + -*-uŕ + -*-a- + *-k. However, Eren (1999) suggests Proto-Turkic *topur (“soil, earth”) + *-ak (diminutive suffix).\nNişanyan and Clauson derive this word from *topra-, which Nişanyan further suggests is a derivation from a hypothetical *tobuŕ or *tobur (see *topur), where he suggests Proto-Common Turkic *tōz (“dust”) comes from.\nLigeti suggests a genetic connection with Proto-Mongolic *toxurag through the hypothetical and now widely discredited Altaic language family. He also connects this word with Proto-Common Turkic *tōz Ramstedt and Nişanyan suggest that the Mongolian form is a borrowing from Turkic.\nDoerfer suggests a derivation from *top with the suffix *-rak.\nNişanyan also compares with Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan). This would imply a derivation from the verb *topur-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*toprak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toprak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soil"
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"land"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"country, land"
],
"links": [
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"arable land"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish nouns with irregular stem",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toprakça"
},
{
"word": "toprakçı"
},
{
"word": "toprakçık"
},
{
"word": "toprakçıl"
},
{
"word": "toprakçılık"
},
{
"word": "toprakken"
},
{
"word": "toprakla"
},
{
"word": "topraklı"
},
{
"word": "topraksa"
},
{
"word": "topraksı"
},
{
"word": "topraksız"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "طوپراق",
"tr": "toprak"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish طوپراق (toprak)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "torpaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani torpaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish طوپراق (toprak), from Proto-Turkic *toprak. Cognate with Azerbaijani torpaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toprağı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprağınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "toprağı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "topraklar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative toprağı, plural topraklar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toprağı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative toprağı, plural topraklar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "humuslu toprak"
},
{
"word": "killi toprak"
},
{
"word": "kireçli toprak"
},
{
"word": "kumlu toprak"
},
{
"word": "marnlı toprak"
},
{
"word": "taşlı toprak"
},
{
"word": "tınlı toprak"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top‧rak"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1",
"stem": "toprağ"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "toprak alanı"
},
{
"word": "toprak burgusu"
},
{
"word": "toprak karışımı"
},
{
"word": "toprak parçası"
},
{
"word": "toprak vergisi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earth (soil)"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dry soil"
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"land"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"country"
],
"links": [
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topˈɾɑk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-toprak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-toprak.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkmen lemmas",
"Turkmen nouns",
"Turkmen terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkmen terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*toprak"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topragy",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tk-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toprak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topragy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topragyň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklaryň",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topraga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toprakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topraklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "topragy",
"5": "plural",
"6": "topraklar",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative topragy, plural topraklar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topragy",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "toprak (definite accusative topragy, plural topraklar)",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top‧rak"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "y",
"2": "c",
"stem": "toprag"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-auto"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toprak",
"10": "topraklarda",
"11": "toprakdan",
"12": "topraklardan",
"2": "topraklar",
"3": "topragy",
"4": "topraklary",
"5": "topragyň",
"6": "topraklaryň",
"7": "topraga",
"8": "topraklara",
"9": "toprakda"
},
"name": "tk-decl-noun-man"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soil, earth"
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"land, country"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
}
],
"word": "toprak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for toprak meaning in All languages combined (25.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.