See tomte on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "tompt"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tompt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tufte",
"3": "tofte",
"t2": "the oldest man on a farm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tufte and tofte (“the oldest man on a farm”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tomte"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tomte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From tomt, from Old Norse tompt. Doublet of tufte and tofte (“the oldest man on a farm”). Cognate with Swedish tomte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tomten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tomtar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tomtane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "nn:Folklore",
"parents": [
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"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 18 21 10 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 23 22 13 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tomtegubbe"
},
{
"word": "tomtekall"
},
{
"word": "tomtekar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of tufte"
],
"id": "en-tomte-nn-noun-XdvZjD-8",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"tufte",
"tufte#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Eastern Norwegian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, chiefly Eastern Norwegian) synonym of tufte"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "tufte"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[²tu̞mtə]"
},
{
"ipa": "[²tɞ̞mtə]"
}
],
"word": "tomte"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to be crazy",
"word": "ha tomtar på loftet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tomta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tomtegröt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tomte"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk tomte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since 1790 according to Svenska Akademiens ordbok. An elliptic form of tomtebisse or tomtegubbe with the same meaning. Derived from tomt (“site; lot; garden”). The association between the mythological creature and Santa Claus had its origins in the 19th century (first attestation is from 1864) and was firmly established in the middle of the 20th century. Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk tomte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tomte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tomte c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "tomte c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "väsen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "sv:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the house gnome doesn’t get a dab of butter in his Christmas porridge, he might get angry and do great harm.",
"text": "Om tomten inte får en klick smör i sin julgröt kan han bli arg och göra stor skada.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The moon wanders its silent course, the snow shines white on pine and spruce. The snow shines white on the roofs. Only the tomte is awake. [from the poem Tomten by Viktor Rydberg]",
"text": "Månen vandrar sin tysta ban' [bana – not a common shortening otherwise], snön lyser vit på fur och gran. Snön lyser vit på taken. Endast tomten är vaken.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small human-like creature in Nordic folklore that lives on farmsteads and watches over their inhabitants; a brownie, a gnome."
],
"id": "en-tomte-sv-noun-y~gAUGZB",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"brownie",
"brownie"
],
[
"gnome",
"gnome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) A small human-like creature in Nordic folklore that lives on farmsteads and watches over their inhabitants; a brownie, a gnome."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "48 39 6 7",
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "gårdstomte"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 39 6 7",
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "hustomte"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 39 6 7",
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "nisse"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 39 6 7",
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "tomtegubbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 39 6 7",
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "tomtebisse"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 33 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 77 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "sv:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Aunt Agneta dressed up as Santa and handed out presents to the children.",
"text": "Moster Agneta klädde ut sig till tomte och delade ut klappar till barnen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Santa Claus"
],
"id": "en-tomte-sv-noun-eoDGmg8D",
"links": [
[
"Santa Claus",
"Santa Claus"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in the definite form \"tomten\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the definite form \"tomten\") Santa Claus"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jultomte"
},
{
"word": "tomtefar"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 76 4 3",
"sense": "folklore creature; often one of Santa’s helpers in modern times",
"word": "tomtenisse"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96 0 0",
"sense": "Santa Claus",
"word": "jultomte"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 33 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What kind of fool threw my clothes in the snow?",
"text": "Vad är det för tomte som har slängt mina kläder i snön?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who behaves irresponsibly, oddly or incompetently."
],
"id": "en-tomte-sv-noun-xWR1Rp6c",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A person who behaves irresponsibly, oddly or incompetently."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 33 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your husband is a real busy bee when he does woodworking on furniture.",
"text": "Din man är en riktig hustomte när han snickrar på möbler.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person that diligently tends to practical matters."
],
"id": "en-tomte-sv-noun-Yk6RgiJt",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, especially in compound nouns) A person that diligently tends to practical matters."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in compound nouns"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender",
"especially"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔmˌte/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:tomte"
],
"word": "tomte"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sv:Mythological creatures"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tomtegubbe"
},
{
"word": "tomtekall"
},
{
"word": "tomtekar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "tompt"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tompt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tufte",
"3": "tofte",
"t2": "the oldest man on a farm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tufte and tofte (“the oldest man on a farm”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tomte"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tomte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From tomt, from Old Norse tompt. Doublet of tufte and tofte (“the oldest man on a farm”). Cognate with Swedish tomte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tomten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tomtar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tomtane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk doublets",
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nn:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of tufte"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"tufte",
"tufte#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Eastern Norwegian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, chiefly Eastern Norwegian) synonym of tufte"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "tufte"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[²tu̞mtə]"
},
{
"ipa": "[²tɞ̞mtə]"
}
],
"word": "tomte"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"sv:Mythological creatures"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to be crazy",
"word": "ha tomtar på loftet"
},
{
"word": "tomta"
},
{
"word": "tomtegröt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tomte"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk tomte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since 1790 according to Svenska Akademiens ordbok. An elliptic form of tomtebisse or tomtegubbe with the same meaning. Derived from tomt (“site; lot; garden”). The association between the mythological creature and Santa Claus had its origins in the 19th century (first attestation is from 1864) and was firmly established in the middle of the 20th century. Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk tomte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tomte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tomte c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "tomte c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "väsen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples",
"sv:Folklore"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the house gnome doesn’t get a dab of butter in his Christmas porridge, he might get angry and do great harm.",
"text": "Om tomten inte får en klick smör i sin julgröt kan han bli arg och göra stor skada.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The moon wanders its silent course, the snow shines white on pine and spruce. The snow shines white on the roofs. Only the tomte is awake. [from the poem Tomten by Viktor Rydberg]",
"text": "Månen vandrar sin tysta ban' [bana – not a common shortening otherwise], snön lyser vit på fur och gran. Snön lyser vit på taken. Endast tomten är vaken.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small human-like creature in Nordic folklore that lives on farmsteads and watches over their inhabitants; a brownie, a gnome."
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"brownie",
"brownie"
],
[
"gnome",
"gnome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) A small human-like creature in Nordic folklore that lives on farmsteads and watches over their inhabitants; a brownie, a gnome."
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Aunt Agneta dressed up as Santa and handed out presents to the children.",
"text": "Moster Agneta klädde ut sig till tomte och delade ut klappar till barnen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Santa Claus"
],
"links": [
[
"Santa Claus",
"Santa Claus"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in the definite form \"tomten\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the definite form \"tomten\") Santa Claus"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jultomte"
},
{
"word": "tomtefar"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish derogatory terms",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What kind of fool threw my clothes in the snow?",
"text": "Vad är det för tomte som har slängt mina kläder i snön?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who behaves irresponsibly, oddly or incompetently."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A person who behaves irresponsibly, oddly or incompetently."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your husband is a real busy bee when he does woodworking on furniture.",
"text": "Din man är en riktig hustomte när han snickrar på möbler.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person that diligently tends to practical matters."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, especially in compound nouns) A person that diligently tends to practical matters."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in compound nouns"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender",
"especially"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔmˌte/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "gårdstomte"
},
{
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "hustomte"
},
{
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "nisse"
},
{
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "tomtegubbe"
},
{
"sense": "folklore creature",
"word": "tomtebisse"
},
{
"sense": "folklore creature; often one of Santa’s helpers in modern times",
"word": "tomtenisse"
},
{
"sense": "Santa Claus",
"word": "jultomte"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:tomte"
],
"word": "tomte"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tomte meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
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"subsection": "noun",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.