See tied on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tied meaning in All languages combined (20.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cup-tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fit to be tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hand-tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "have one's hands tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "have one's tubes tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ready to be tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied island"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied oil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied pub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied-up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tied visa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tongue-tied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "with one arm tied behind one's back"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "with one hand tied behind one's back"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "more tied",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most tied",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tied (comparative more tied, superlative most tied)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "As a couple, they are strongly tied to one another.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 October 19, “Berliner Discusses ' Problem”, in Daily Collegian, State College, PA",
"text": "It is financially too tied to West Germany to exist by itself, he explained .",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995 March 16, “Team Turmoil: No Peace, No Chance”, in New York Daily News",
"text": "The fact that we weren't tied together as a team last year cost us the championship. Houston was more tied together as a team than us.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Wendy Holmes, Speech Synthesis and Recognition, page 151",
"text": "One straightforward way of taking advantage of these similarities to provide more data for training the model parameters is to use the same Gaussian distributions to represent all the states of all models, with only the mixture weights being state-specific. Thus the distribution parameters are tied across the different states, and this type of model is often referred to as a tied mixture.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003 June 24, “Why Cut Rates Again When Recovery Is Near?”, in Hartford (CT) Courant",
"text": "But this time -- because of the rare and dangerous threat of widespread price declines -- the anticipated rate cut is even more tied to mental mechanics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008 March 27, “Obama: Clinton too tied to DC insiders”, in Myrtle Beach (NC) Sun News",
"text": "Sen. Barack Obama said Wednesday that his chief rival, Sen. Hillary Clinton, was too closely tied to the Washington status quo to bring about change.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Closely associated or connected."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-~yKrvxuk",
"links": [
[
"Closely",
"closely"
],
[
"associated",
"associated#Adjective"
],
[
"connected",
"connected#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962 September 18, “29 Escape By Tunnel”, in Ocala (FL) Star-Banner",
"text": "The city has at times fogged the outside-ocala area, but the county claims its hands are too tied, legally and financially, for it to render much aid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1966 June 15, “How Far Will The High Court Go?”, in Eugene (OR) Register-Guard",
"text": "Unquestionably many persons, guilty as sin, will now go free because the policeman's hands are tied, even more tied than they were as the result of similar decisions over the last five years.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Restricted."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-YYyR0oqK",
"links": [
[
"Restricted",
"restricted#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 11 29 10 8 4 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Colin H. Kirkpatrick, John Weiss, Cost-benefit Analysis and Project Appraisal in Developing Countries, page 163",
"text": "There are two distinct ways in which tied aid can undermine the value of aid to the recipient: overpricing and distorting the nature of aid.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional on other agreements being upheld."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-04d6kWla",
"links": [
[
"Conditional",
"conditional#Adjective"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"upheld",
"uphold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 11 29 10 8 4 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a public house, bar, etc., obliged to sell beer from only one brewery, or alcoholic drinks from one pubco."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-BnWIA1yM",
"links": [
[
"public house",
"public house"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"brewery",
"brewery"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"pubco",
"pubco"
]
],
"qualifier": "liquor trade",
"raw_glosses": [
"(liquor trade) Of a public house, bar, etc., obliged to sell beer from only one brewery, or alcoholic drinks from one pubco."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Games",
"orig": "en:Games",
"parents": [
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 11 29 10 8 4 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Larry Powell, Tom Garrett, The Films of John G. Avildsen, page 181",
"text": "That tied score will require a “sudden death” round where Barnes can deliver a finishing move on Daniel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That resulted in a tie."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-9-ZnZw5l",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports or games) That resulted in a tie."
],
"topics": [
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Alun Howkins, The Death of Rural England, page 174",
"text": "For generations farmers had argued that tied cottages were a perk and necessary to keep good workers, yet the reality for literally thousands was very different.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Andrew W. Cox, Paul Ireland, Mike Townsend, Managing in Construction Supply Chains and Markets, page 216",
"text": "Traditionally, the vast majority of public houses were owned or controlled as brewers' tied estates, usually operated on a regional basis.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Provided for use by an employer for as long as one is employed, often with restrictions on the conditions of use."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-wWAk1zKj"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Archaeology",
"orig": "en:Archaeology",
"parents": [
"Anthropology",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Zoology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Biology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having walls that are connected in a few places by a single stone overlapping from one wall to another."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-wzawhsU6",
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology) Having walls that are connected in a few places by a single stone overlapping from one wall to another."
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philately",
"orig": "en:Philately",
"parents": [
"Hobbies",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cover having a stamp where the postmark cancellation overlaps the stamp."
],
"id": "en-tied-en-adj-nxh3g9XT",
"links": [
[
"philately",
"philately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philately) A cover having a stamp where the postmark cancellation overlaps the stamp."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"philately"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/taɪd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːd]",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɑe̯d]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"homophone": "tide"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-tied.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg/En-us-tied.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "tīd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 11 29 10 8 4 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of tie"
],
"id": "en-tied-en-verb-6aboLKe2",
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/taɪd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːd]",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɑe̯d]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"homophone": "tide"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-tied.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg/En-us-tied.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "tīd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "front unrounded harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tied",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiednek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieddel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieddé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "tiednél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedtől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "possessive pronouns",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "hu-pron"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ti‧ed"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tiede",
"2": "e",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "tiéd"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian possessive pronouns",
"parents": [
"Possessive pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of tiéd"
],
"id": "en-tied-hu-pron-kvwTLght",
"links": [
[
"tiéd",
"tiéd#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtijɛd]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛd"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*tektäk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *tektäk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *tektäk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"do"
],
"id": "en-tied-liv-verb-rAtSoq5u",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Courland",
"word": "tī'edõ"
}
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*teetädäk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *teetädäk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *teetädäk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"know"
],
"id": "en-tied-liv-verb-zRuzASvP",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Courland",
"word": "tieudõ"
}
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*teeto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *teeto",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *teeto.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge"
],
"id": "en-tied-lud-noun-4PiVhy1l",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "en",
"3": "tea"
},
"expansion": "English tea",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from English tea.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tieds",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tied",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tieds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o tied!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o tieds!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "tieds",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tied (nominative plural tieds)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tied (nominative plural tieds)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vo",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "vo:Beverages",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when she came home tired in the evening, she then poured some tea from the silver teapot, yes, but nobody put a chair available for her.",
"ref": "1951, “Parab”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, number 5, pages 17–18",
"text": "E ven of äkömof soaro feniko ini lom okik, tän ägifof tiedi se tiedaskal largentik, si! ab nek äpladom blümio stuli pro of.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tea"
],
"id": "en-tied-vo-noun-qfdNHsNu",
"links": [
[
"tea",
"tea"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tiˈed/"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "dum",
"3": "tijt"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tijt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "odt",
"3": "tīt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch tīt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tīdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tīdiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch tijt, from Old Dutch tīt, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"10": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tied m (plural [please provide])",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "tied m (plural [please provide])",
"name": "zea-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zealandic",
"lang_code": "zea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zealandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time"
],
"id": "en-tied-zea-noun-M2B0gF~I",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪd/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cup-tied"
},
{
"word": "fit to be tied"
},
{
"word": "hand-tied"
},
{
"word": "have one's hands tied"
},
{
"word": "have one's tubes tied"
},
{
"word": "ready to be tied"
},
{
"word": "tied house"
},
{
"word": "tied island"
},
{
"word": "tied oil"
},
{
"word": "tied pub"
},
{
"word": "tied up"
},
{
"word": "tied-up"
},
{
"word": "tied visa"
},
{
"word": "tongue-tied"
},
{
"word": "with one arm tied behind one's back"
},
{
"word": "with one hand tied behind one's back"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "more tied",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most tied",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tied (comparative more tied, superlative most tied)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "As a couple, they are strongly tied to one another.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 October 19, “Berliner Discusses ' Problem”, in Daily Collegian, State College, PA",
"text": "It is financially too tied to West Germany to exist by itself, he explained .",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995 March 16, “Team Turmoil: No Peace, No Chance”, in New York Daily News",
"text": "The fact that we weren't tied together as a team last year cost us the championship. Houston was more tied together as a team than us.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Wendy Holmes, Speech Synthesis and Recognition, page 151",
"text": "One straightforward way of taking advantage of these similarities to provide more data for training the model parameters is to use the same Gaussian distributions to represent all the states of all models, with only the mixture weights being state-specific. Thus the distribution parameters are tied across the different states, and this type of model is often referred to as a tied mixture.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003 June 24, “Why Cut Rates Again When Recovery Is Near?”, in Hartford (CT) Courant",
"text": "But this time -- because of the rare and dangerous threat of widespread price declines -- the anticipated rate cut is even more tied to mental mechanics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008 March 27, “Obama: Clinton too tied to DC insiders”, in Myrtle Beach (NC) Sun News",
"text": "Sen. Barack Obama said Wednesday that his chief rival, Sen. Hillary Clinton, was too closely tied to the Washington status quo to bring about change.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Closely associated or connected."
],
"links": [
[
"Closely",
"closely"
],
[
"associated",
"associated#Adjective"
],
[
"connected",
"connected#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962 September 18, “29 Escape By Tunnel”, in Ocala (FL) Star-Banner",
"text": "The city has at times fogged the outside-ocala area, but the county claims its hands are too tied, legally and financially, for it to render much aid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1966 June 15, “How Far Will The High Court Go?”, in Eugene (OR) Register-Guard",
"text": "Unquestionably many persons, guilty as sin, will now go free because the policeman's hands are tied, even more tied than they were as the result of similar decisions over the last five years.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Restricted."
],
"links": [
[
"Restricted",
"restricted#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Colin H. Kirkpatrick, John Weiss, Cost-benefit Analysis and Project Appraisal in Developing Countries, page 163",
"text": "There are two distinct ways in which tied aid can undermine the value of aid to the recipient: overpricing and distorting the nature of aid.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional on other agreements being upheld."
],
"links": [
[
"Conditional",
"conditional#Adjective"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"upheld",
"uphold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a public house, bar, etc., obliged to sell beer from only one brewery, or alcoholic drinks from one pubco."
],
"links": [
[
"public house",
"public house"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"brewery",
"brewery"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"pubco",
"pubco"
]
],
"qualifier": "liquor trade",
"raw_glosses": [
"(liquor trade) Of a public house, bar, etc., obliged to sell beer from only one brewery, or alcoholic drinks from one pubco."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Games",
"en:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Larry Powell, Tom Garrett, The Films of John G. Avildsen, page 181",
"text": "That tied score will require a “sudden death” round where Barnes can deliver a finishing move on Daniel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That resulted in a tie."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports or games) That resulted in a tie."
],
"topics": [
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Alun Howkins, The Death of Rural England, page 174",
"text": "For generations farmers had argued that tied cottages were a perk and necessary to keep good workers, yet the reality for literally thousands was very different.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Andrew W. Cox, Paul Ireland, Mike Townsend, Managing in Construction Supply Chains and Markets, page 216",
"text": "Traditionally, the vast majority of public houses were owned or controlled as brewers' tied estates, usually operated on a regional basis.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Provided for use by an employer for as long as one is employed, often with restrictions on the conditions of use."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Archaeology"
],
"glosses": [
"Having walls that are connected in a few places by a single stone overlapping from one wall to another."
],
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology) Having walls that are connected in a few places by a single stone overlapping from one wall to another."
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Philately"
],
"glosses": [
"A cover having a stamp where the postmark cancellation overlaps the stamp."
],
"links": [
[
"philately",
"philately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philately) A cover having a stamp where the postmark cancellation overlaps the stamp."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"philately"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/taɪd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːd]",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɑe̯d]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"homophone": "tide"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-tied.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg/En-us-tied.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "tīd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪd/1 syllable"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of tie"
],
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/taɪd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰaːd]",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɑe̯d]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"homophone": "tide"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-tied.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg/En-us-tied.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-tied.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "tīd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "front unrounded harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tied",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiednek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieddel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieddé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "tiednél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedtől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "possessive pronouns",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "hu-pron"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ti‧ed"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tiede",
"2": "e",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "tiéd"
}
],
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian possessive pronouns",
"Hungarian pronouns",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛd",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛd/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of tiéd"
],
"links": [
[
"tiéd",
"tiéd#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtijɛd]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛd"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*tektäk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *tektäk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *tektäk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"do"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Courland",
"word": "tī'edõ"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*teetädäk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *teetädäk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *teetädäk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"know"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Courland",
"word": "tieudõ"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*teeto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *teeto",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *teeto.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tied",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ludian lemmas",
"Ludian nouns",
"Ludian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ludian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge"
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "en",
"3": "tea"
},
"expansion": "English tea",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from English tea.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tieds",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tied",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tieds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tieda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o tied!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o tieds!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tiedus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "tieds",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tied (nominative plural tieds)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tied (nominative plural tieds)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns",
"Volapük terms borrowed from English",
"Volapük terms derived from English",
"Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Volapük terms with quotations",
"vo:Beverages"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when she came home tired in the evening, she then poured some tea from the silver teapot, yes, but nobody put a chair available for her.",
"ref": "1951, “Parab”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, number 5, pages 17–18",
"text": "E ven of äkömof soaro feniko ini lom okik, tän ägifof tiedi se tiedaskal largentik, si! ab nek äpladom blümio stuli pro of.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tea"
],
"links": [
[
"tea",
"tea"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tiˈed/"
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "dum",
"3": "tijt"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tijt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "odt",
"3": "tīt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch tīt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tīdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tīdiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch tijt, from Old Dutch tīt, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zea",
"10": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tied m (plural [please provide])",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "tied m (plural [please provide])",
"name": "zea-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zealandic",
"lang_code": "zea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for inflections in Zealandic entries",
"Zealandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Zealandic lemmas",
"Zealandic masculine nouns",
"Zealandic nouns",
"Zealandic terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Zealandic terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Zealandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Zealandic terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Zealandic terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Zealandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "tied"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.