See thơm on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dầu thơm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hương thơm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rau thơm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thơm lừng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thơm ngát"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thơm nức"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thơm phức"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thơm tho"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*tʰəːm",
"4": "",
"5": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*dhum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ធុំ",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*pahuum",
"3": "*pahuum ~ *tahuum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "thum",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu",
"2": "香",
"t": "to kiss"
},
"expansion": "Wu 香 (“to kiss”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”), perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum ~ *dhuum (“fragrant; to scent”); compare Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”) and Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum (whence Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)).\nFor the mark of effection, compare Wu 香 (“to kiss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦹳",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬳦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "貪",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦹳, 𬳦, 貪"
},
"expansion": "thơm • (𦹳, 𬳦, 貪)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fragrant, sweet-smelling"
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-adj-6IgQElcC",
"links": [
[
"fragrant",
"fragrant"
],
[
"sweet-smelling",
"sweet-smelling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "vi:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 12 10 9 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 15 6 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "aromatic hydrocarbon",
"text": "hiđrôcacbon thơm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aromatic"
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-adj-shMC8qcO",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) aromatic"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*tʰəːm",
"4": "",
"5": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*dhum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ធុំ",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*pahuum",
"3": "*pahuum ~ *tahuum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "thum",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu",
"2": "香",
"t": "to kiss"
},
"expansion": "Wu 香 (“to kiss”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”), perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum ~ *dhuum (“fragrant; to scent”); compare Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”) and Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum (whence Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)).\nFor the mark of effection, compare Wu 香 (“to kiss”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "thơm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thơm",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 30 15 6 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 18 16 27 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 16 27 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by quả",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 19 16 27 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by trái",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 6 6 61 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Smell",
"orig": "vi:Smell",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take a sniff of (a person’s smell) as a mark of affection"
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-verb-otH3EnDf",
"links": [
[
"sniff",
"sniff"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 30 12 10 9 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 19 6 4 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 15 6 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 29 24 3 3 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Bromeliads",
"orig": "vi:Bromeliads",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to kiss (platonically)"
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-verb-sHYq~Nj-",
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, by extension) to kiss (platonically)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hôn"
},
{
"word": "hun"
},
{
"word": "mi"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Probably derived from etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cây",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "trái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "quả",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𦹳",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦹳"
},
"expansion": "thơm • (𦹳)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦹳",
"cls": "cây, trái, quả"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cây, trái, quả) thơm • (𦹳)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 12 10 9 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 15 6 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 29 13 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "vi:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pineapple"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "khóm"
}
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-noun-sP72IXJ~",
"links": [
[
"pineapple",
"pineapple"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) pineapple"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dứa"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the “Cayenne” cultivar of the pineapple"
],
"id": "en-thơm-vi-noun-9cTvGbXB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, specifically) the “Cayenne” cultivar of the pineapple"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam",
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by quả",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by trái",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Bromeliads",
"vi:Fruits",
"vi:Smell"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dầu thơm"
},
{
"word": "hương thơm"
},
{
"word": "rau thơm"
},
{
"word": "thơm lừng"
},
{
"word": "thơm ngát"
},
{
"word": "thơm nức"
},
{
"word": "thơm phức"
},
{
"word": "thơm tho"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*tʰəːm",
"4": "",
"5": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*dhum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ធុំ",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*pahuum",
"3": "*pahuum ~ *tahuum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "thum",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu",
"2": "香",
"t": "to kiss"
},
"expansion": "Wu 香 (“to kiss”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”), perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum ~ *dhuum (“fragrant; to scent”); compare Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”) and Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum (whence Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)).\nFor the mark of effection, compare Wu 香 (“to kiss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦹳",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬳦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "貪",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦹳, 𬳦, 貪"
},
"expansion": "thơm • (𦹳, 𬳦, 貪)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦹳, 𬳦, 貪"
},
"expansion": "thơm • (𦹳, 𬳦, 貪)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fragrant, sweet-smelling"
],
"links": [
[
"fragrant",
"fragrant"
],
[
"sweet-smelling",
"sweet-smelling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
"vi:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "aromatic hydrocarbon",
"text": "hiđrôcacbon thơm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aromatic"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) aromatic"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by quả",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by trái",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Bromeliads",
"vi:Fruits",
"vi:Smell"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*tʰəːm",
"4": "",
"5": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*dhum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ធុំ",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*pahuum",
"3": "*pahuum ~ *tahuum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "thum",
"3": "",
"4": "fragrant"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu",
"2": "香",
"t": "to kiss"
},
"expansion": "Wu 香 (“to kiss”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”), perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum ~ *dhuum (“fragrant; to scent”); compare Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”) and Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum (whence Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)).\nFor the mark of effection, compare Wu 香 (“to kiss”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "thơm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thơm",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take a sniff of (a person’s smell) as a mark of affection"
],
"links": [
[
"sniff",
"sniff"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"to kiss (platonically)"
],
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, by extension) to kiss (platonically)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hôn"
},
{
"word": "hun"
},
{
"word": "mi"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by quả",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by trái",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Bromeliads",
"vi:Fruits",
"vi:Smell"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Probably derived from etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cây",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "trái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "quả",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𦹳",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦹳"
},
"expansion": "thơm • (𦹳)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦹳",
"cls": "cây, trái, quả"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cây, trái, quả) thơm • (𦹳)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Vietnamese",
"Southern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"pineapple"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "khóm"
}
],
"links": [
[
"pineapple",
"pineapple"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) pineapple"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dứa"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"the “Cayenne” cultivar of the pineapple"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, specifically) the “Cayenne” cultivar of the pineapple"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam",
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰəːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "thơm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thơm meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.