See swarten on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for swarten meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swart",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "swart + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From swart + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swartens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swartening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swartened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swartened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swarten (third-person singular simple present swartens, present participle swartening, simple past and past participle swartened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814, Adolphe Thiers, Historical Works",
"text": "Clad in rags, swartened by the sun, irritable, arrogant, and having at their head officers [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make swart, dark, or swarty; darken"
],
"id": "en-swarten-en-verb-78vq8gv3",
"links": [
[
"swart",
"swart"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"swarty",
"swarty"
],
[
"darken",
"darken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to make swart, dark, or swarty; darken"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to become dark; darken"
],
"id": "en-swarten-en-verb-LVuS6R6X",
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to become dark; darken"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "swarten"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swart"
},
"expansion": "English: swart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: swart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweartian"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweartian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swartōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swartōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swartōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swartōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sweartian, from Proto-West Germanic *swartōn, from Proto-Germanic *swartōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swartest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swartedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swartede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swartynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swartende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yswarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "swarten",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swart"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To blacken or darken."
],
"id": "en-swarten-enm-verb-u70gsa1h",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To blacken or darken."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswartən/"
}
],
"word": "swarten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swart",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "swart + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From swart + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swartens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swartening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swartened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swartened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swarten (third-person singular simple present swartens, present participle swartening, simple past and past participle swartened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814, Adolphe Thiers, Historical Works",
"text": "Clad in rags, swartened by the sun, irritable, arrogant, and having at their head officers [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make swart, dark, or swarty; darken"
],
"links": [
[
"swart",
"swart"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"swarty",
"swarty"
],
[
"darken",
"darken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to make swart, dark, or swarty; darken"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to become dark; darken"
],
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to become dark; darken"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "swarten"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swart"
},
"expansion": "English: swart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: swart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweartian"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweartian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swartōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swartōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swartōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swartōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sweartian, from Proto-West Germanic *swartōn, from Proto-Germanic *swartōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swartest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swartedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swarten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swartede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swarteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swartynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swartende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yswarted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "swarten",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swart"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To blacken or darken."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To blacken or darken."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswartən/"
}
],
"word": "swarten"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.